Low-carbon SWRCH6–16A series cold-rolled and hot-rolled wire rods are non-heat-treated materials specifically designed for cold heading and cold extrusion applications. These steels are primarily used in the production of low-strength fasteners, such as screws, bolts, and nuts, which require significant deformation during the cold heading process. Due to their complex shapes and high demands on surface treatment, they must undergo effective pickling and phosphating processes to ensure quality.
These wire rods are typically used in applications where a large amount of cold deformation is involved, making it essential that the material has good ductility and low hardness—usually no more than HRB82. For products requiring cold heading deformation of 1/3 or more, annealing is recommended to maintain material formability. It’s advisable for customers to choose lower carbon grades like SWRCH6A, especially when dealing with high deformation requirements, as this helps reduce work hardening and improve forming performance.
In 2004, Maanshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. launched the National 863 Program “Research on High Performance and Low Cost Cold Rolled Steel†(2003AA331030), aiming to develop advanced, cost-effective cold heading steel with independent intellectual property rights. This initiative laid the foundation for future innovations in cold-rolled wire rod technology.
For high-strength fasteners rated at 8.8 and above, medium carbon steels or alloy steels are commonly used. The production process involves hot rolling, spheroidizing annealing, cold drawing, and final heat treatment such as quenching and tempering. Spheroidizing annealing is crucial to enhance plasticity for successful cold forming. However, this step is time-consuming and energy-intensive, often taking 12–24 hours in batch or continuous furnaces. To address this, the industry seeks to simplify or even eliminate the spheroidizing process.
Maanshan Iron & Steel has developed specialized hot-rolled wire rods such as SWRCH35K-M, CH35A-M, SWRCH35K-MT, and CH35A-MT, suitable for manufacturing hex bolts and other fasteners. These wires can be used without prior annealing for certain applications, reducing processing steps. For high-strength nuts, MFM-1 and MFM-3 have been developed for ordinary high-strength nuts, while MFM-2 eliminates both annealing and quenching/tempering, directly producing 8.8-grade nuts.
Non-tempered cold heading steel is ideal for high-strength bolts (8.8, 9.8, 10.9) and offers significant advantages by eliminating pre-drawing annealing and post-bolting heat treatment. This simplifies the production process, reduces energy consumption, and avoids issues like oxidation, decarburization, and distortion. Japan has already implemented mass production of such materials.
In 2005 and 2008, Maanshan Iron & Steel participated in two key national projects: “Research and Development of Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel Wire for Low Temperature Controlled Rolling and Controlled Cooling Fasteners†and “Development of Low-Cost, High-Strength Non-Quenched and Tempered Cold-Rolled Steel Products for Steel Structure Joints.†These efforts led to the development of ultra-fine grain structures through micro-alloying, controlled rolling, and cooling techniques. The resulting non-tempered steel meets current mechanical performance standards (GB/T 3098.22-2009) and offers a greener, more efficient alternative to traditional methods.
Alloy cold heading steels like 10B21, ML40Cr, and SCM435 are used for high-grade fasteners (8.8–12.9). With strict process control, these materials deliver superior performance and cost-effectiveness, making them ideal for demanding applications in automotive, aerospace, and industrial sectors.
KF(NW) Vacuum Flanges & Components
The KF ranges of flanges and fittings are manufactured from high quality stainless steel. Kaysen Steel manufacture a comprehensive range of KF(NW) Vaccum Flanges & Components, including KF Vaccum Flanges, KF Vaccum Components, KF Flanges, nipples, elbows, tees, and crosses, clamps, o-ring in all standard vacuum flange systems. KAYSEN KF vacuum fitting components form a modular system for piping from KF10, KF16, KF25, KF40, and KF50 in SS304, SS316 material. KF fittings are ideal for high vacuum environments. Welcome to buy KF Vaccum Flanges, KF Vaccum Components, KF Flanges from us in wholesale price, if you have any questions or requests, pls feel free to contact us!
KF(NW) Vaccum Flanges & Components Specification:
â–ª Standard: KF, ISO ,CF
â–ª Material: Stainless Steel 304 (1.4301), Stainless Steel 316L(1.4404), Aluminum EN AW-6082/3.2315, Brass, etc
â–ª Sealing Material: rubber/ elastomeric o-ring mounted in a centering ring
â–ª Size Range: KF10, KF16, KF25, KF40, and KF50
▪ Temp.:between ~0° C and 120-180° C
â–ª Pressure: from atmosphere to ~10-8 Torr or mbar.
Quality & Inspection:
â–ª PMI test to verify material grade
â–ª Dimension controlling during fabricating and finished
â–ª Visual and surface 100% examination before shipment
â–ª Packed in carton box firstly, then in wooden case
KF(NW) Vacuum Components,KF Vaccum Flanges,KF Vaccum Components,KF Flanges
Kaysen Steel Industry Co., Ltd. , https://www.chinasanitaryvalve.com