In the field of security monitoring, cameras play a crucial role. They are not only essential for surveillance but also integral to various technological competitions. Cameras come in different forms—professional photography cameras, surveillance systems, and everyday smartphones. Their applications range from high-end photography to general monitoring, showcasing their widespread use.
Professional cameras typically feature bulky mechanical lenses that require manual adjustments for focus and aperture. On the other hand, non-professional cameras often lack adjustable apertures, limiting their versatility. However, a breakthrough from the University of Kaiserslautern in Germany may change this. Researchers have developed a micro-iris film just 55 microns thick—about the width of a human hair. This innovation could become a key component in future wide-area cameras.
Smart glass is being used to create a micro-iris lens, enabling camera miniaturization. The research team developed a low-power imaging lens using electrochromic materials, which change from transparent to opaque when an electric current passes through them. The micro-iris consists of two glass sheets coated with PEDOT (polyethylenedioxythiophene) and a transparent electrode. When a voltage of 1.5 volts and a current of 20 microamps are applied, it becomes opaque.
The micro-iris has been tested for light intensity, switching time, and depth of focus. It performs comparably to traditional lenses and has a memory effect, allowing it to maintain opacity without continuous power, making it energy-efficient. This makes it ideal for future compact camera systems.
Currently, many camera components have become smaller and more portable, but mechanical focusing systems remain a challenge. Tobias Doucheman, the first author of the study, noted that existing solutions for variable apertures often require moving parts. In contrast, the electrochromic material used here can adjust light absorption statically, eliminating the need for mechanical movement and enabling further miniaturization.
The team plans to optimize the electrochromic material to improve optical contrast and depth control—key factors for next-generation smartphone cameras.
Meanwhile, smart glass is also gaining intelligence. Traditional display glass is seen as a passive component, but companies like Corning are exploring ways to embed sensors into it. These sensors can track light changes and enable features like temperature monitoring and unique optical identification.
Researchers at Montreal University of Technology have developed sensors that can be embedded under Gorilla Glass, known for its durability. These sensors can detect light waveguides, allowing the screen to perform tasks previously requiring separate hardware. Future screens may even have built-in identity markers, similar to a car’s engine serial number.
The team aims to bring this technology to smartphones within a year, working with manufacturers to integrate these sensors. Soon, smartphone displays may become as intelligent as the software and hardware they run on.
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