In the process of planting grapes, winter is a very important time, which is the key to promote the normal growth of spring grapes in the coming year. It is of great significance for the high yield and high yield of grape cultivation in the coming year. So, how does the grape growing winter? Here is a brief introduction to the winter management techniques of grape growing.
Plastic trimming of grape plants:
The first thing to do is the plastic trimming work of the grapes. Through the plastic trimming, the tree structure of the grape plant can be adjusted, the relationship between the growth of the branch and the fruit growth can be balanced, the branches on the frame can be evenly distributed, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions can be maintained. For the plastic planting of the grape plants, it is generally selected after the natural leaves of the grape plants are started for 2 weeks. In the area where the soil is not required to be chilled, the pruning time can be continued until the plants start to grow in the second year. In areas where cold-buried soil is required, plastic trimming is usually done before the soil is buried.
Grape clearing, disease prevention and pest control:
After the plastic trimming, a large number of cut branches will remain in the garden. We can choose to keep the strong and growing branches as the seedlings for cutting seedlings in the coming year. The rest should be cleaned up and cleared out of the garden. In addition, the weeds in the garden should be completely removed. Some vineyards also have a variety of evasive plants for pest control. When you are wintering, you should also remove them together to avoid leaving shelter for the wintering germs and eggs. Weeds, dead leaves, etc. that have been cleaned up can also be left back to the fertilization ditch when fertilizing, as a base fertilizer. After the Qingyuan, spray the park with stone sulfur mixture. Stone sulphur mixture is a kind of insecticide, bactericidal and acaricide. It has a good control effect on common pests and diseases of grapes. It is a common medicine for controlling pests and diseases in winter management of vineyards in China. The specific use method is as follows: dilute the prepared stone sulphur mixture, dilute with 5 times of water, and stir evenly. Then, it is poured into the medicine box and sprayed evenly on the grape vines and the shelf. These places are the main places for the bacteria and eggs to overwinter. When spraying, pay attention to spraying all the above and below to kill the overwintering bacteria and eggs.
Grape base fertilizer and winter irrigation:
In order to make the grape plants safe for the winter and to ensure that they are growing vigorously, they need to be properly fertilized and winterly irrigated before wintering. The application of the base fertilizer should be carried out after the clearing of the garden, and the fertilizer is mainly composed of decomposed organic fertilizer. Dig a fertilization ditch along the root of the grape plant about 20 cm. The width of the fertilization ditch is 40 cm and the depth is 60 cm. The organic fertilizer is evenly scattered in the ditch, and the organic fertilizer is usually 3000-4000 kg. The leaves and weeds in the garden can also be backfilled into the ditch as fertilizer, and then landfilled with soil. The application of organic fertilizer can supplement the nutrition of the plant, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and also increase the ground temperature to prevent root freezing damage. After applying the organic fertilizer, it is possible to carry out winter irrigation, and the water can be poured into the fertilization ditch. The amount of water is naturally absorbed by the soil, and the surface does not retain water. Watering in winter can also increase soil temperature, prevent freezing damage, and help fertilizer decomposition and root absorption, creating good conditions for the growth and development of spring in the second year.
Cold and windproof:
There are two factors that affect the safe wintering of grapes. One is low temperature and the other is cold protection.
1. Low temperature: Let me talk about the effect of low temperature. The grape plants in the dormant period have certain resistance to low temperature, but the cold resistance of different parts of the plant is very different, and the cold resistance of the shoots is the strongest, and can withstand the low temperature of about 20 degrees below zero. The cold resistance of the roots is the weakest. When the soil temperature is lower than minus 5 degrees, it will cause freezing damage. The cold resistance of the branches is between the buds and the roots. Generally speaking, when the outside temperature is below minus 15 degrees, the grape plants are prone to freezing damage. In order to enhance the cold resistance of grape plants, the grape harvesting period should start to reduce the number of irrigation times, prevent the plants from growing, and promote the maturity of shoots and shoots, so that they gradually adapt to lower and lower temperatures and enhance cold resistance.
2. Anti-cold: The cold-proof time should be arranged about one week before the local soil is frozen. It should not be too early or too late. In this way, the plant can be fully cold-resistant, and its ability to resist low temperature can be improved, and the soil temperature can be prevented from being too high, and the humidity is too large, causing the bacteria to breed and infect the branches and buds. The main measures for winter cold protection include roots for cold protection, soil burial and cold protection, and plastic covering for cold protection.
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