The sales of chestnut in the market is relatively good, so the high production capacity of chestnut brings a lot of economic benefits to friends. Today, we share with you the main reasons and prevention measures of low yield of chestnut.
Chestnut tree is one of the most popular dried fruits in northern China. It has a wide planting area in Henan and Shandong provinces. In the past 10 years, with the adjustment of rural economic structure, chestnut production has developed rapidly. Planting chestnut has become an effective way for many peasants to make a fortune, but the yield of chestnut trees has not reached people's hopes. The shortcomings such as low area yield, mixed varieties and many trees are serious factors that seriously restrict the production scale and economic benefits of chestnut trees.
The main reasons for the low yield of chestnut and its prevention measures:
1. Factors affecting the yield of chestnut trees
1.1, serious pests and diseases are the main cause of low yield of chestnut trees
Among the many factors affecting the yield of chestnut trees, pests and diseases can be said to be the most serious factors affecting the effects. The main pests and diseases are various. For example, the peach aphid is the first large pest of chestnut, and its larvae eat chestnuts. Fruit, 1 larva can harm 2 to 5 chestnuts, the highest damage rate is 72%, which seriously affects the harvest; the chestnut skinworm, larvae and fruit damage. The general damage rate is 2% to 5%. If it is mixed with the peach aphid, the consequences are very serious. The beetles such as the beetles are mainly dry, and the main species are the white-horned beetles and the chestnut-eating moths. Adults feed on new shoots, causing the branches to die. The larvae feed on the xylem, causing the chestnuts to dry up and the trees to dry up. These pests and diseases will affect the yield of chestnut.
1.2, the impact of climatic conditions
The local climatic conditions in Linzhou City of Henan Province are good. It belongs to the warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate. It has four distinct seasons, sufficient sunshine, suitable temperature and sufficient precipitation. It has the endemic climate characteristics of the Yubei Plain to the Shanxi Plateau. The planting time of chestnut is from the fall of the next November to the middle of March of the second year, and the best colonization time is from November to December. Climatic conditions such as temperature and moisture also have a great influence on the growth of chestnut. For example, the average annual temperature in Linzhou is 12.8 °C, and the optimum temperature for chestnut growth is 10.5 to 12.8 °C. If the temperature is too high, the chestnut is not hibernated, and the temperature is too low, it will be frozen; the chestnut tree is not strict with water requirements, but Most afraid of sputum and drought, Linzhou City has experienced weather such as spring drought, summer high temperature and drought or heavy precipitation, causing serious losses to chestnut production.
1.3, extensive, unscientific management and traditional cultivation and management practices
The newly built chestnut garden in the past 10 years is basically in the fast-growing stage. In order to meet its growth needs, it is necessary to effectively increase the reasonable and effective nutrients. However, due to the lack of good management, the traditional cultivation and management habits are still adopted, which makes most chestnut gardens ridiculous. In a state of ridiculousness, the chestnut tree grows weak. The management of the middle-age chestnut garden is more extensive, and most of them are still in the wild state. During this period, the chestnut tree needs to maintain more nutrients in order to maintain the growth of the tree body, but some of the chestnut farmers are blindly focused on the application of ammonia. The result is that the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the chestnut tree are unbalanced, and the branches are high, but the results are few, which makes the chestnut garden poor in efficiency and low in yield. There are also some chestnut farmers who only accept it, even predatory fruit picking, which seriously damages the tree.
1.4. Unsuitable site conditions will inevitably lead to perennial low-yield, and even fail to build a garden.
The growth conditions of chestnut are not high, the adaptability is strong, and the ability to resist drought and sputum is strong. It is easier to carry out early management work. In order to increase the yield of chestnut trees, it is also necessary to plant them under superior site conditions, because under excellent site conditions, chestnut seedlings grow rapidly, and their ability to resist natural-disasters and pests is also enhanced, and in geological conditions. Soil, water and Other factors also have a certain restrictive relationship with chestnut forest, which is conducive to increasing the yield of chestnut trees. However, according to relevant surveys, some chestnut farmers have chosen the barren hills in order to reduce the input cost. The result is that the death of the chestnut seedlings is serious or the flowering is not fruitful, and some people spend high prices on the limestone to dig holes. But this is not good for the extension of the chestnut roots. Therefore, unsuitable site conditions will inevitably lead to low yield of chestnut trees and even failure to build a garden.
The main reasons for the low yield of chestnut and its control measures
2. Effective measures to increase the yield of chestnut trees
2.1, increase the intensity of pest control
2.1.1. Selecting varieties resistant to pests and diseases
In order to protect against the pests and diseases, it is a very effective measure to breed highly resistant and high-yielding varieties for pests and diseases and natural disasters. For example, in the prevention and control of the chestnut skin moth, when the larvae are 2 to 3 years old, they use the 720 bacteria solution of the 716 bacteria to carry out high-injection spray, and focus on spraying the chestnut in the middle and lower parts of the chestnut tree to make bacteria. Wait until mid-June, late July, spray 50% dichlorvos 2 times, the insecticidal effect will be very obvious.
2.1.2. Predicting the time of occurrence of pests and diseases
Before anything happens, there are certain signs. The occurrence of any kind of forest pests and diseases is also a symptom. Generally, it starts from the point of view, starts from the light, and if it is not blocked, it will spread to the surface and have serious consequences. If pre-investigation of pests and diseases can be carried out, the time of occurrence of pests and diseases will be predicted, and the initiative to control pests and diseases will be seized at the beginning of pests and diseases, and the disasters will be discovered in time and treated in time to reduce unnecessary economic losses.
2.1.3. Strengthen the training of chestnut farmers, update and improve their scientific knowledge
The development of modern science and technology is changing with each passing day. People's life and work have become rich and colorful with the addition of electronic products. Therefore, the training of scientific and technological knowledge of chestnut farmers has been strengthened, their concepts have been updated, and farmers' improved use of chestnut production has been continuously improved. The level of good law, so that it also joins the competition in the market economy.
2.2. Strengthen agricultural meteorological services and timely issue severe weather warning and forecast
Use scientific and technological means to strengthen the meteorological services of agriculture, timely release early warning and forecast of severe weather, and minimize the loss of chestnut production. For example, through mobile phone text messages, special weather services, etc., we provide meteorological services for the majority of chestnut farmers, and guide farmers to take effective preventive measures to make suggestions for the harvest of chestnuts. The site conditions for the excellent growth of chestnut are thick soil, and the pH value is close to the neutral sandy loam. It is suitable for hawthorn, flat land, good drainage, sufficient sunshine and low slope. For example, in the suburbs of Linzhou City, Yaocun and other towns and villages, these places are full of sunshine, the terrain is flat and open, the soil is mostly sandy soil, and the mineral content is rich. It is most suitable for planting chestnut, which can enhance the yield of chestnut.
2.3. Take scientific and reasonable management and management methods for Liyuan
Good varieties are an important basis for obtaining high yield of chestnut trees. When introducing excellent varieties, it is necessary to carry out planned and focused implementation of variety improvement work and strengthen fertilizer and water management; chestnut is sensitive to fertilizer and water, so when fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used. More reasonable, in order to enhance the resistance; to pruning and thinning the branches, to cultivate a good tree skeleton.
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