On July 7, the Advanced Technology Forum on Mineral Resource Conservation and Comprehensive Utilization sponsored by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association was held at the Beijing International Convention Center. As a sub-forum of the National Nonferrous Metals Mining Conference and the 2012 (10th) High-Level Forum on Non-Ferrous Metals Mining, the forum was attended by leaders, experts, scholars and entrepreneurs from the national non-ferrous metals industry. Xu Dachun, deputy director of the Mineral Resources Reserve Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources, attended the forum and made a special report on "Mineral Resources Saving and Comprehensive Utilization". Kang Yi, Honorary President of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, Shang Fushan, Vice President of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, China Nonferrous Metals Wang Jian, vice president of the Metal Industry Association, attended the meeting. The experts, scholars and entrepreneurs attending the conference made a wonderful report on the “saving and comprehensive utilization of advanced technologies for non-ferrous metal mineral resourcesâ€, and discussed key technologies such as efficient resource development and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Shang Fushan and Zhao Bo, a special expert of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, presided over the meeting. Xu Dachun said in the report that China's basic national conditions and mineral conditions have determined that mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization should be placed in the most prominent position. He pointed out that in terms of quantity, China's mineral resources are full, large and small. There are 172 kinds of minerals discovered in China, including 159 kinds of resources. The total amount of mineral resources accounts for about 12% of the world, ranking second in the world after the United States and Russia. However, due to China's large population and relatively insufficient per capita resources, per capita resources are only 58% of the world average, ranking 53rd in the world. The gap between supply and demand of large-scale pillar minerals (except coal) is large, and some small-scale minerals have resource advantages. Such as petroleum, iron-rich ore, copper ore, potassium salt, etc. need to be imported in large quantities, but tungsten, rare earth, molybdenum, niobium and most rare and dispersed metals have resource advantages. From a qualitative point of view, China's minerals are rich and poor, rich in minerals, large ore, small ore, altogether, associated with more ore, less single mine, uneven distribution of resources, the geological structure of the deposit is complex. From the perspective of consumption, China is one of the earliest countries in the world to develop and utilize mineral resources. In the long history of 5,000 years, our people have continuously recognized and used mineral resources. After the founding of New China, especially the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, China’s mineral resources The total consumption is large and shows a linear upward trend. From the perspective of demand, with the sustained and rapid development of China's economy, the acceleration of industrialization, urbanization and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for mineral products will continue to grow. The supply of black and non-ferrous metals in China will be in the next 5 to 10 years. The most prominent stage of contradiction. From the point of view of utilization, the occurrence and characteristics of China's mineral resources determine its difficulty in development and utilization. There are many associated mineral deposits in China, such as Hunan Shizhuyuan polymetallic ore. Due to the difficulty in the separation and extraction of many associated elements, the mining cost of major minerals is high, but with the advancement of science and technology and the increase in the price of mineral products, if this part of the elements can be fully utilized, the benefits will be better. From the perspective of environmental capacity, China's environment is fragile, and most of the mineral resources rich areas development resources have a greater impact on the environment, some can be restored, and some are difficult to recover. The development of mineral resources will inevitably lead to a large amount of material mining. According to statistics, the amount of ore used in the development of mineral resources in China has reached more than 10 billion tons per year, resulting in a large amount of waste rock and tailings. The exploitation of mineral resources mainly affects the geological environment. The selection and smelting of mineral resources produces a large amount of “three wastesâ€. If it cannot be effectively treated, it will cause serious pollution. He pointed out that over the years, with the implementation of the theory of sustainable development, the establishment of the scientific concept of development, the rise of mineral prices, the advancement of science and technology, the strengthening of environmental constraints, and the promotion of conservation and comprehensive utilization have received attention from all quarters. The internal power of mining enterprises to cherish and rationally utilize resources has been continuously enhanced, and some mining enterprises have achieved good results. The recovery rate and comprehensive utilization level of black and non-ferrous metal mines have been continuously improved. Universities and research institutes have developed and developed a number of advanced and applicable research results and technical processes. However, at present, China needs to do a good job in the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. It is urgent to solve four problems: First, China is the largest producer and consumer of mineral resources, but it is not a mining power, and it is saving mineral resources. Compared with advanced countries in terms of comprehensive utilization, there is still a big gap. Second, China's development of mineral resources has a great impact on the environment. Waste rock and tailings occupy a large amount of land resources, and the “three wastes†emissions have caused considerable pollution. Third, mining enterprises have failed to improve production methods and improve mechanization level. Advanced mineral resources mining and selection technologies cannot be converted into productivity in time. Fourth, in the rational development and utilization of mineral resources, it mainly relies on administrative means, lacks practical economic policies, and the incentive and guidance mechanism is not perfect. Finally, he introduced the next step of the work of saving mineral resources and comprehensive utilization: First, the special project will be carried out as a long-term strategic task; second, build a good technology promotion platform; third, increase and improve the standard The fourth is to improve the special management system; the fifth is to further play the role of academicians and experts; the sixth is to increase publicity and enhance the consensus of the whole society. China is a big mineral resource country, and the accumulation and annual emissions of mining tailings are very huge. Especially in today's society that promotes sustainable development, the rational and effective use of resources is particularly important. At present, the waste generated after beneficiation is mostly stored in the surface tailings reservoir. These tailings not only encroach on a large amount of land resources, but also pollute the environment of the mining area and surrounding areas; and also invest a large amount of waste disposal funds each year, tailings Processing has become a heavy burden for mining companies. On this issue, Liu Yuming, deputy chief engineer of China Enfei Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. pointed out in his report “High Concentration and Paste Filling New Technology†that China’s tailings have an annual displacement of more than 1 billion tons, but comprehensive utilization It lags far behind other bulk solid wastes, and the comprehensive utilization rate of metal tailings is only about 10%. However, with the increase of demand for mining resources, more and more mines are used for filling mining. This method not only effectively controls the self-heating disaster caused by deep well mining, but also effectively utilizes tailings resources and improves the recovery rate of ore. . He explained that the application of filling technology is effective in the environmental protection, safety, emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of resources in mines. Most of the colored underground mines and more and more black, nuclear, coal, chemical mines have adopted Filling technology. Mine filling technology mainly includes preparation technology, transportation technology, and mining technology. At present, the impact of preparation technology on engineering construction and mine production is the most important, and is the key to the filling system. The filling material is usually prepared from the tailings discarded by the ore dressing plant or by adding a certain proportion of cement. The filling method of adding a certain proportion of mud or other binder in the filling material is called cementing filling method. At present, it is a problem that is urgently needed to be solved in the world, which is a simple and reliable process, easy to control and control, and the investment cost is saved. Puzzle. As a new type of high-efficiency filling method, high tailings high concentration and paste cement filling can maximize the use of tailings resources to reduce environmental pollution. He said that high-concentration and paste fine tailings filling technology is the key technology to achieve waste-free mining. Mining with this technology can usually consume about 60% of ore's waste, which is in line with the reduction of mine-free mining. The principle of local treatment, comprehensive utilization and avoidance of secondary pollution. At present, China's economic growth remains stable, mineral resources demand is strong, mine filling, tailings discharge has a good market prospect and great promotion value, the application of this technology to fill new processes and new devices economic and social benefits are very significant, the industry The demand is very urgent. At the meeting, Cao Yaohua, a researcher at the Zhengzhou Institute of Minerals Comprehensive Utilization of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, gave a report on “New Technology for Comprehensive Utilization of Tungsten, Molybdenum and Gold Oxide Oreâ€. Liang Chunlai, Executive Deputy General Manager of Zijin Mining Group Co., Ltd., made “low grade copper sulfide ore. Report on the key technologies for large-scale industrial application of copper. Report by Lei Cunyou, deputy chief engineer of China Ruilin Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., “Semi-self-grinding flotation recovery technology for copper smelting wasteâ€, deputy general manager of Nanjing Yinmao Lead-Zinc Mining Co., Ltd. The manager has completed the report “Key Technologies for Efficient Development and Comprehensive Utilization of Lead and Zinc Polymetallic Mineral Resourcesâ€. Global mining M&A transactions will continue to maintain a high level Wang Hua, senior manager of the PricewaterhouseCoopers Beijing office, pointed out that in 2011, the global mining sector announced more than 2,600 M&A transactions with a transaction value of $149 billion. The number is close to the highest historical value and the transaction value has increased by 33% compared to 2010. The United States, Australia and Canada dominate global mining M&A transactions, which account for about 53% of the value of annual M&A transactions. Nearly half of the trading activities driven by growth markets in 2011 came from China. Looking ahead to 2012, global mining M&A transactions will continue to remain high as financial investors will reconsider their investment strategies in the mining resources sector. It is expected that five types of mineral resources, gold, copper, coal, iron ore and silver, will become hot spots. However, M&A valuations involving the gold sector are unlikely to increase to fill the gap between the price of gold and the value of gold equity. A more friendly investment environment will make Africa a growth point for mining investment. Wang Wei stressed that in the process of overseas mining transactions of Chinese enterprises, they face more risks and challenges. At the transaction level, companies should pay attention to trading opportunities, trading scope and transaction structure, the political, economic and legal environment of the host country, the effectiveness of the tax structure, government approval, social opinion orientation and relationship with the local government, and post-trade integration. The risks faced by enterprises at the target company level must first pay attention to mineral rights, obtain mineral rights restrictions, mineral rights ownership, and incomplete mining rights. Second, pay attention to cost and cash flow, including cost composition and level, as well as the impact of transactions on future costs, the effectiveness and sustainability of cost reduction programs, requirements for the use of local employees, union and pension issues, and capital expenditure plans. Adequacy of the budget, potential new environmental costs, issues related to closures and costs. Third, pay attention to commitments and liabilities, including the cost of relocation of residents in the mining and mining areas, community obligations, environmental obligations related to mining rehabilitation and mining rehabilitation, legal proceedings related to mineral ownership and other contractual disputes, capital And operational commitments. Fourth, in terms of human resources, it is necessary to pay attention to the significant impact of trade union organizations and long-term labor contracts, possible major pension contributions and employee welfare gaps, changes in control rights related to employees, and retention of key management personnel. The fifth is taxation. It is important to note that changes in control may result in the loss of certain tax benefits or accumulated tax losses, potential changes in the tax regulations of the host country, tax liabilities or historical tax risks. Bringing into play the role of the main body of the enterprise Promoting the construction of urban minerals Urban minerals are produced and stored in waste electrical and mechanical equipment, wires and cables, communication tools, automobiles, home appliances and electronic products during the process of industrialization and urbanization. Recyclable steel, non-ferrous metals, plastics, etc. Resources are used in the same amount as primary mineral resources. Li Fuyuan, chairman of Hubei Jinyang Metallurgical Co., Ltd. pointed out in his speech that the development of the "urban minerals" demonstration base can alleviate effective ways of resource bottleneck constraints, important measures to reduce environmental pollution, develop important content of circular economy, and foster new economic growth points. Objective requirements. According to estimates, each recycling of 10,000 tons of renewable resources can save 4,200,000 tons of natural resources, save 14,000 tons of coal, and reduce the amount of garbage disposal by 60,000 to 100,000 tons. For every 10,000 tons of scrap steel, 8500 tons of steel can be used. Save 20,000 tons of iron ore, save 0.4 million tons of standard coal, and produce 12,000 tons of waste residue. In the construction of the “Urban Minerals†demonstration base, enterprises play a vital role. The main performance is that enterprises can promote the construction of demonstration bases through innovative construction and business models; enterprises give full play to the advantages of scientific research and inject vitality into the long-term development of demonstration bases; enterprises can promote industrial upgrading through joint production, study and research; enterprises realize the integration of environmental protection facilities. Give full play to the efficiency of environmental protection facilities, create a public service platform, realize information sharing, share resources, and create a harmonious “urban minerals†demonstration base. In order to speed up the construction of the “Urban Minerals†demonstration base, we must first improve the construction of the recycling system, increase publicity, strengthen the construction of laws and regulations, raise the awareness of recycling of people's resources, regulate the behavior of urban minerals trading, implement the extension of producer responsibility, and accelerate the construction. Covering the urban and rural recycling network system. Second, we must improve the industrial concentration and technical equipment. Reasonable planning, unified layout, encouragement to enter the park, form a complete industrial chain, improve industrial agglomeration and resource concentration; build a research and development system with enterprise as the main body, "production, study and research" integration, enhance the independent innovation capability of enterprise technology equipment, and improve enterprises Core competitiveness. Third, improve legislation, innovate supervision, optimize management, and strengthen support. Establish and improve the legal system of renewable resources, provide the standards of behavior of renewable resources industry from the legal level; innovate the supervision mode, strengthen the supervision of relevant departments on the industry; optimize the management system, promote the regulation of renewable resources enterprises; strengthen policy support, promote the rapid health of renewable resources industry development of. Fourth, establish a standard specification and evaluation system. Establish various pollution control technical specifications, relevant quality standards and evaluation systems for waste recycling and disposal, improve the industry's entry barriers, and promote the scale and standardization of the industry. Central Asia's mineral resources projects and investment-related regulations Central Asia is located in the center of Eurasia, bordering China's Xinjiang, strategically important, and Central Asia's metal mineral resources are very rich, especially in Kazakhstan, which was once the important Soviet Union. Metal mineral resources base. In the past 10 years, the funding problem has severely restricted the new round of exploration and development of mineral resources. Currently, the proven reserves of metal mineral resources account for only about one-third of the predicted reserves. Sun Zhengjun, chairman of Xinjiang Xinyanke Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. said that in recent years, metal mineral resources in Central Asia have been recognized by more and more Chinese companies. Some enterprises have invested in Central Asia and have gained some lessons. With the political and economic stability of Central Asian countries, more Chinese companies will be attracted to invest in Central Asia. According to Mo Yu, a business law firm in Xinjiang, the Kyrgyz Minerals Law has different characteristics from the mineral laws of all countries in Central Asia. The measures for mineral management are different from those in Central Asian countries, thus forming favorable results for foreign mineral investors. The Kyrgyz Minerals Law stipulates that Kyrgyz minerals can be national, local administrative and individual. Therefore, the Kyrgyz minerals are owned by the third level. According to the Kyrgyz mineral law, the oil, natural gas and gold mines are owned by the state. Announced and tendered by the government of the Kyrgyz Republic. Minerals other than oil mines, natural gas mines and gold mines are still owned by the state, but the Kyrgyz national minerals use authority and the applicant legal person provide mineral use rights through direct negotiations. Minerals that are ubiquitous in minerals, namely stones, sand and earth, belong to local administrations and individuals. In Kyrgyzstan, manual gold rushing can be done by individual citizens without a license. Kyrgyz has the right to purchase precious metals and precious stones. When mining and exporting precious metals and precious stones, mining companies must inform the Kyrgyz National Bank or other government-authorized agencies of the sale and export of precious metals and precious stones, and propose that all or part of the above-mentioned institutions purchase precious metals and precious stones from mining companies, regardless of precious metals and precious stones. Whether it is purified in Kyrgyzstan. Only after the country abandons the right of first refusal can mining companies sell and export precious metals and gems to others. In addition, mineral use rights can be rented, including leases by foreign companies. On July 7th, the Nonferrous Metals Mining Technology and Equipment Forum hosted by China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association was held in Beijing. The guests gathered around China's tailings resources and comprehensive utilization practices, the large-scale and development trend of mineral processing equipment, and the progress of China's non-ferrous metal mining technology. Report on topics such as trends. China's tailings resources status and comprehensive utilization practice Chen Jiabin, deputy director of the Economic Research Institute of the Ministry of Land and Resources, pointed out in the report that tailings are the concentrating plant that crushes, screens, grinds, classifies and re-mines the ore under specific economic and technical conditions. Choose the flotation or cyanidation process, select the “useful ingredients†and discharge the waste to the tailings pond. Tailings are solid waste that remains after the ore has been selected for concentrate. Tailings is a relative concept that is closely related to the technical and economic conditions of a particular period. Tailings have resource attributes, economic attributes, and environmental attributes. In the event of a dam failure in the tailings pond, it often causes serious casualties. With the continuous advancement of the technology economy, the scarcity of resources is becoming more and more obvious, the prices of mineral products are rising, and the selection of tailings resources is constantly changing from possibility to reality. Restricting the use of clay bricks, replacing some of the cement raw materials and brick making has certain advantages, and promoted the transformation of tailings resource utilization from possibility to reality. The comprehensive utilization of tailings is of great significance, such as easing resource constraints and ecological environment pressure; reducing tailings stockpiles. It can save the daily maintenance cost of dam construction, flood control and tailings storage; open up new industrial development space and have social and economic benefits; save land, reduce disasters and protect life and property. The direction of comprehensive utilization of tailings is: as a secondary resource re-election, it can recover iron and copper and other related elements; use tailings to make building materials, such as high-grade cement, building ceramics, non-burning bricks, high-grade decorative materials, micro Crystal glass, granite, etc.; used as soil improver and trace element fertilizer, such as soil improver, magnetized compound fertilizer; use tailings to reclaim vegetation, can raise sand and suppress dust, reclaim vegetation; fill the underground goaf, such as filling material. At present, some countries have realized tailless mines, the specific mode is secondary re-election, building materials, underground filling and greening, mineral fertilizer and others. The re-election mode is technically feasible and economically reasonable. The advantage is that resources can be fully utilized to alleviate supply pressure. The disadvantage is the occurrence of secondary tailings and ecological problems. The absolute consumption mode of mining filling or building materials requires that the transportation radius should not be too large, and the useful components are very low. The advantage is that the tailings resource problem can be completely solved. The disadvantage is that the product competitiveness is uncertain. Other modes such as reclamation or micro-nutrient fertilizer require the dam to be firm and suitable for vegetation growth. The advantage is that it can improve the ecological environment. The disadvantage is that the safety of the dam is hidden. In foreign countries, the 1960s and 1970s was the initial stage of tailings utilization. From the 1980s to the end of the 20th century, it was the rapid development stage of tailings utilization. Since the 21st century, it has entered the whole process of tailings utilization. China has also introduced some relevant policies for the comprehensive utilization of tailings. The program or planning includes China's 21st Century Agenda, National Mineral Resources Planning (2008-2015), China's Comprehensive Utilization Technology Outline (2010), and China's Energy Conservation Technology Policy Outline ( 2003), Industrial Structure Adjustment Guidance Catalogue (2011 version). The economic policy categories include the Catalogue of Enterprise Income Tax Concessions for Comprehensive Utilization of Resources (2008 Edition) and the Measures for the Management of Mineral Resources Saving and Comprehensive Utilization. However, it can be seen from the comparison of domestic and foreign tailings resource policies that the United States, the former Soviet Union and other countries are complete in terms of laws and regulations, comprehensive exploration and evaluation, recycling of useful components, and overall utilization, while China is still in comprehensive exploration and evaluation. It is blank. The constraints of the comprehensive utilization of tailings in China mainly include technical factors, economic factors, policy factors, data and information factors. The technical factors are mainly reflected in the fact that some mineral processing technologies have not fully adapted to the mineral processing needs of low-grade tailings; some special element components, due to complicated processes and large investment, are difficult to implement on an industrial scale or economically. In the adjustment of tailings comprehensive utilization policy, it is especially necessary to strengthen technical research and promote the efficient use of tailings resources. For example, based on the results of exploration and evaluation of tailings resources, on the basis of combing relevant technologies, we will continue to encourage and guide enterprises to carry out research on key technologies and equipment for comprehensive utilization of tailings through technology introduction or technological innovation through the means of financial support such as treasury bonds. Technical constraints on the efficient use of tailings resources and the development of high value-added products. Large-scale and development trend of mineral processing equipment Xia Xiaoou, Party Secretary of Beijing Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, introduced the mineral processing equipment and development trend. Crush equipment. In the past 10 years, the fastest grinding process in China has been the semi-self-grinding-ball milling process; the roller press has been promoted and applied in recent years as an efficient device for energy saving and consumption reduction. The pulverizing equipment includes a gyratory crusher, a cone crusher, a jaw crusher, a roller press, a crusher, a barrel mill, and the like. Flotation equipment. Major manufacturers include Outotec, FLsmidth, Metso, and Beijing Research Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. The main equipment includes OK-Tank Cell large flotation machine, RCS flotation machine, Wemco flotation machine, and Beijing Mining and Metallurgy Research Institute's multi-series flotation machine. At the end of the last century, flotation column heat was raised at home and abroad, and new progress was made in basic theory, structural form, foaming mode, automatic control and application. In foreign countries, represented by CPT Company of Canada, it has been widely used in non-ferrous metal ore and iron ore beneficiation, and its equipment has been enlarged and automated. In China, China University of Mining and Technology, Changsha Nonferrous Design Institute, Beijing Mining and Metallurgy The research institutes have each developed flotation columns of different structural forms. Magnetic separation equipment. In recent years, foreign countries have developed rapidly. The main production companies include ERIEZ in the United States, SALA in Sweden, KHD in Germany, Cohen in Finland, and Ural Mining Machinery Company in Russia. In recent years, foreign magnetic separators have mainly developed into large-scale. Reselect the device. Most of the countries use elliptical cross-section curves, using horizontal flushing water, the specifications are generally 600 mm to 1000 mm, and the number of heads is 1 to 3. Dehydration equipment. In recent years, high-efficiency thickeners have been rapidly developed, especially the high concentration of tailings, pastes, breakthroughs in key technologies for filter cake storage, greatly improved water utilization, and greatly reduced tailings storage capacity. The foreign Finnish OUTTEC company and Metso have great technical advantages and are well applied in China. Domestic Changsha Institute HRC (HR) paste thickener and Yantai Sonny Nuclear Star Environmental Equipment Co., Ltd. produce paste thickeners have their own characteristics. Other special sorting equipment. The eddy current sorting machine facilitates the magnetic field alternating magnetic field to generate an induced current and a reverse magnetic field inside the non-ferrous metal, which can separate non-ferrous metals (copper, aluminum, etc.) from other non-metals (plastic, glass, rubber, sand, etc.). Mainly used in such as car crushing workshop, electronic waste treatment workshop, waste plastic recycling workshop, metallurgical slag treatment workshop, sorting waste recycling workshop. The equipment is selected by means of various detection instruments to distinguish the characteristics of ore and waste rock, and it is separated by electromagnet or high-pressure gas. There are X-ray pickers, photoelectric pickers, etc., and the scope of application is wide. In recent years, the mineral processing equipment has developed rapidly. In addition to the development of large-scale, high-efficiency and energy-saving, many new models have emerged, and the application fields of equipment have been continuously expanded, such as sorting and sorting equipment, waste treatment and recycling equipment. , resource recycling equipment, etc.; a notable feature is mechatronics, equipment control technology, digital, intelligent level continues to improve; and then cross-disciplinary, multi-field development; in addition, equipment development and process are closely integrated, The advent of a new type of equipment often leads to technological changes. Progress and Trends of China's Nonferrous Metal Mining Technology Zhou Aimin, deputy director of Changsha Mining Research Institute, introduced the underground mining technology into five development stages. Before 1950, the empty field mining method and manual operation were adopted. In the 1950s, more and more legs were used for rock drilling. In the 1960s and 1980s, there were forced caving method and layered filling mining method; classified tailings filling; in 1975, the underground diesel scraper was introduced, and in 1979, domestically produced underground diesel scraping was successfully developed. In the 1990s, there were segmented filling mining methods, large-diameter deep-hole mining methods, natural caving mining methods; waste rock cementation filling; high-pressure deep-hole drilling rigs, diesel and electric scrapers serialized. Since the 21st century, high-stratification, high-segment and high-stage mining have been mainly used; cementing filling of full tailings; microseismic monitoring of mine ground pressure. Mining equipment technology is divided into open pit mining equipment and underground mining equipment. Open pit mining equipment is becoming larger and larger. P&H's 120A roller rig has a diameter of 559 mm. The BI 795 shovel has a hopper capacity of 135 tons. The electric wheel has a load capacity of 360 tons. Program control technology, numerical control technology, ergonomics technology, GPS positioning technology and network technology, to achieve intelligent functions such as equipment autonomous control and remote supervision. The promotion and application of roller rigs in domestic metal mines has changed the backward situation of perforated equipment in open pit mines in China. The open-hole mine piercing equipment dive hole drill and the roller drill coexist, the proportion of the cone drill is high, accounting for 88%, and the borehole diameter is mainly 250 mm and 310 mm. The medium-sized mine is dominated by a down-the-hole drilling rig, with a direct diameter of 200 mm. Underground mining equipment is in a trend of inorganicization and large-scale, mainly including drilling rock drilling equipment, mining rock drilling equipment, shovel shipping equipment, and auxiliary working equipment. The current mining development trend in foreign countries is comprehensive mechanization, centralization, informationization, high efficiency, development of intelligent and unmanned mining. The domestic gap is mainly reflected in the relatively backward overall level of mining technology. For example, the scale of the mine is small, the degree of industry concentration is low, the low-level and low-stratification mining methods are common, and the mining loss rate and the depletion rate are high. The degree of mechanization of mining is low, and the shallow hole rock drilling and electric picking are relatively large, and the mining efficiency is low. The main development directions of mining technology are: high-efficiency mechanized mining technology and complete sets of equipment, large-scale centralized mining process equipment technology, complex difficult mining bed mining technology and equipment technology, deep deposit mining technology, "two-type" mining technology and equipment technology, intelligence Mining technology and equipment technology.
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