definition
Machining is a method of machining a blank or a piece of material on a workpiece to obtain the required size, shape, positional accuracy, and surface quality, which is the basis of machining. During the cutting process, there must be a relative cutting motion between the tool and the workpiece, which can be achieved by the action of a human hand or a metal cutting machine. Machine tools, fixtures, tools and workpieces form the process system for metal cutting. All kinds of phenomena and laws of cutting processing should be investigated in the process system composed of machine tools, fixtures, tools and workpieces. Studying these phenomena and laws is the common basis for learning various metal cutting methods.
process
The process of metal cutting is the process in which the tool and the workpiece move and interact with each other.
The relative motion of the tool and the workpiece can be broken down into two aspects, one is the main motion and the other is the feed motion. The most important motion to make the workpiece and the tool move relative to each other is called the main motion. The speed of the main motion of the selected point on the blade relative to the workpiece is referred to as the cutting speed. The main motion feature is the highest speed of movement and maximum power consumption. There is usually only one main movement.
The continuous movement of the metal cutting is called the feed motion. The relative displacement of the workpiece and the tool in the direction of the feed motion per revolution or stroke of the workpiece is called the feed. The feed motion is characterized by low speed and low power consumption. There are several feed movements, either continuous or intermittent.
The metal cutting process is performed by cutting the workpiece cutting layer with a tool. During the cutting process, the cutting edge of the tool cuts the metal layer from the surface to be machined in the workpiece in one pass, which is called the cutting layer. The cross-sectional dimension of the cutting layer is referred to as the cutting layer parameter.
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