Pre-podding measures: 1. Field selection. Choose a slightly acidic sandy loam soil with a deep layer, loose texture, good irrigation and drainage, and moderate fertility. This type of soil ensures proper root development and nutrient absorption. 2. Land preparation. After harvest, plow the field to loosen the soil, then create ridges that are 100 cm wide and sloped for better water runoff. At the same time, dig ring and cross trenches to improve drainage and prevent waterlogging. 3. Seed potato treatment. Select healthy seed potatoes without diseases or pests, with smooth skin. Whole potatoes weighing around 50 grams can be used directly as seed tubers. For larger ones over 80 grams, cut them into pieces of 30–50 grams, making sure each piece has at least one bud. Cut the tuber vertically or diagonally from the eye area, ensuring the top part contains the growing tip. After cutting, dust the cut surface with ash to reduce moisture loss, kill bacteria, and maintain the plant's internal balance. Two to three days after planting, place wet sand at the bottom of the hole, layer it with seed pieces, cover with moist soil, and use plastic mulch to promote germination. This method helps ensure uniform sprouting and strong seedlings.
Sowing at the right time: 1. Variety selection. Choose high-yield, disease-resistant varieties such as “Purple Flower 851,†“Kexin No.3,†“Zhongshu No.3,†and “Spring Potato No.4.†These varieties are well-suited for local conditions and provide good yields. 2. Fine seeding. Winter potatoes should be planted in areas below 200 meters above sea level. Sowing usually takes place after the harvest of late rice or late potatoes, with the best sowing period between early November and early December. Plant in two rows with a spacing of 25 cm between plants and 30 cm between rows, resulting in about 4,500 holes per mu. Place the eyes upward when planting, and adjust the planting depth according to the size of the tuber to ensure even emergence. Before planting, apply 50 kg of compound fertilizer per acre along the rows, 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate at the bottom of each hole, and mix 750 kg of soil with fertilizer for planting.
Field management technology: 1. Scientific fertilization. Apply a quick-acting seedling fertilizer when 80–90% of the seedlings emerge, using 25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate or 10 kg of urea mixed with 1,500 kg of water. During the budding stage (50–70 days after sowing), apply 25 kg of compound fertilizer and 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. 2. Water management. After sowing, irrigate if the soil is dry during the seedling stage to keep it moist and encourage uniform growth. During the budding period, when the stems and leaves grow rapidly and tubers begin to form, irrigate with one-third of the ditch to keep the soil moist. In the early stages, when transpiration is high and the underground stem grows quickly, maintain a moist surface to support tuber expansion. In the mid-growth phase, spray 35 grams of 15% paclobutrazol in 60 kg of water to control excessive growth. Avoid overwatering in the late growth stage, and ensure proper drainage in case of rain. 3. Soil cultivation. When 80% of the seedlings have emerged, cultivate the soil to prevent stem elongation and exposure of the tubers. Combine this with topdressing during the budding stage to improve soil aeration and nutrient availability. 4. Pest and disease control. After sowing, spray 100 ml of acetochlor in 60 kg of water to control weeds. Regularly inspect the field to detect and manage diseases like late blight, downy mildew, bacterial wilt, and pests such as aphids and mites. 5. Frost protection. Implement proper cultivation practices and monitor weather forecasts. In case of frost, use heat-producing fertilizers, cover with straw, irrigate, or burn smoke to protect the crop and minimize damage.
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