With the advancement of agricultural technology, greenhouses have become an essential tool for growing high-value crops, especially during off-season periods. These controlled environments offer optimal temperature and humidity conditions, which not only enhance crop growth but also create favorable conditions for pests and diseases to thrive. As a result, effective pest management is crucial. One of the most efficient methods for controlling pests and diseases in greenhouses is the use of aerosols for chemical control.
According to China Pesticide Network, using aerosol technology is a highly effective way to manage pests and diseases in greenhouse crops. This technique involves condensing pesticides into fine smoke or dispersing them as aerosol particles, which ensures better coverage and absorption. The advantages include high efficiency, reduced pesticide residue, time savings, and lower labor costs. However, there are several important considerations when applying this method:
1. **Timing of Application**: It's best to apply aerosols after sunset. During the day, the temperature of the plants is similar to that of the smoke, making it difficult for the particles to settle on the leaves. Applying in the evening ensures better adhesion and effectiveness.
2. **Application Method**: Place the aerosol products evenly throughout the greenhouse based on the area. For commercial products, such as 45% chlorothalonil aerosol, the recommended dosage is 200–250 grams per mu (approximately 667 square meters). Apply once every 7–10 days to control diseases like cucumber downy mildew, tomato blight, and gray mold. Alternatively, homemade aerosols can be made by mixing 500 grams of wood chips with 200–250 grams of sulfur powder per acre. This mixture can be placed at three points to control powdery mildew and downy mildew. For insect control, mix 80–300 ml of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate with wood chips and place them in pots or tiles. However, homemade preparations must be carefully measured to avoid over-application and potential phytotoxicity.
3. **Safety and Proper Use**: Aerosol products should be stored in dry places to prevent moisture damage. If they get wet, they should be dried slowly in a well-ventilated area. When using pesticides, avoid direct contact with crops and flammable materials. After ignition, the operator should immediately leave the greenhouse and close the doors. Ventilation should be done the next morning after two hours to ensure safe re-entry and prevent poisoning.
By following these guidelines, farmers can maximize the benefits of aerosol pest control while minimizing risks to both human health and the environment.
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