The Palace Museum, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is currently undergoing a careful and gradual transformation in its window replacement project. The decision to switch from traditional paper windows to glass has sparked debate among experts, with concerns about preserving the historical authenticity of the ancient structure. Some argue that replacing all paper windows with glass could compromise the original character of the Forbidden City, as every element—from bricks to tiles—carries historical significance and should not be altered without deep consideration.
However, the need for modernization cannot be ignored. The original paper windows were lightweight and did not impose any structural burden, but today’s requirements include flood prevention, UV protection, explosion resistance, and optimal light transmission. Replacing these with modern glass introduces new challenges, particularly regarding the load on the existing wooden frames. If not handled carefully, this could lead to structural issues, such as frame damage even if the glass remains intact.
To address these concerns, the Palace Museum has opted for a phased approach. For example, in areas like Chenggonggong and Yonghegong, new glass has been tested extensively over time before being installed. The Qiankun Palace's glass replacement is part of an experimental process, where data collection and structural assessments are conducted to ensure the window frames can safely support the new material. Only after thorough evaluation will the replacement proceed.
Due to the cultural and historical significance of the site, any changes must be approved by the cultural relics management department. A second round of expert review is also required to ensure that the modifications meet both preservation and safety standards.
Despite the careful planning, a recent incident in which a visitor broke the glass of the Qiankun Palace with bare hands has accelerated the need for upgrades. According to Zhu Hongwen, if the current tests are successful, the West 6th Palace area could be replaced within the next year, depending on the results of further inspections.
In addition to the glass replacement, the Palace Museum is also enhancing its security system. Due to limitations in the current camera setup, which failed to capture critical moments during the recent glass-breaking incident, the museum is installing high-definition cameras across the entire 100-hectare area. This will ensure full coverage, eliminating "dead ends" in surveillance.
So far, 75% of the security renovation project has been completed, with most systems already operational. The remaining work is expected to be finished by the end of the year, marking a significant step toward a more secure and technologically advanced Forbidden City.
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