1. Dimensions and grades - choose the right combination of bolt size and grade
For bolt applications, the larger the size, the better. Similarly, high-grade bolts do not imply performance improvements over low-grade bolts. The combination of the two is the key.
Bolt size and strength grades can have both positive and negative effects on the bolt load. If the ideal combination can be found and the bolted joints are properly tightened, this load becomes an important factor in ensuring a secure bolted connection.
2. Loose bolts - create elastic force for joints and eliminate loose bolts
Thread slack is one of the main reasons for loose bolts. There are three main reasons for the looseness of the thread: rough or irregular surface settlement; slack, that is, the polymer or composition becomes compact; creep, that is, the displacement or deformation of the material under the action of stress and high temperature. These three reasons can cause loss of preload, resulting in problems with the bolt joint.
Today, bolted joints are subject to higher temperatures and loads, and more and more equipment components are made of synthetic materials, plastics and aluminum, which is the reason for the increasing problem of thread slack.
3. Bolt lubrication - choose the right lubrication method
For bolted connections, how to emphasize lubrication can not be overstated. Lubrication minimizes frictional irregularities while reducing torque load ratios. Lubrication also makes installation and removal easier and extends bolt life.
For bolt lubrication, it is important to choose the right lubrication method for your application. Some of the parameters that should be considered include: chemical composition, health and environmental impact, operating temperature range, and coefficient of friction, and consult the lubricant manufacturer for recommended use.
4. Design / Maintenance - Focus on life cycle costs
In the project design phase, a common challenge is whether you should choose a low-cost solution to keep current costs to a minimum, or should you choose a high-quality solution to achieve long-term cost savings?
5. Coating - coating makes the bolt connection more secure
The coating thickness may be only a few microns, but it can improve the performance of the fastener in a number of ways, including resisting corrosion, reducing friction, and enhancing the appearance. A wide range of coating solutions are available, with galvanizing being the most cost effective and simplest. If the method does not achieve satisfactory results, a zinc alloy can also be used. If more protection is needed, multi-layer zinc chip treatment is recommended.
6. Quality – working with companies with deep professional experience
There are countless fastening solutions. Even if some solutions are widely used, it may not be possible to meet specific temperature or pressure ranges. Therefore, it is important to choose a partner to help you achieve high material stability and choose the ideal fastening solution.
7. Corrosion - Corrosion factors should be considered at the beginning of design bolting
corrosion. Metal products made of any steel material will eventually rust and decompose as long as they are exposed to oxygen and water.
Corrosion is inevitable for a certain period of time, but there are ways to delay the deterioration of corrosion. One of the methods is cathodic protection, that is, sacrificial corrosion of the secondary metal such as sacrificial zinc, and non-cathode protection.
8. Reuse - Always use lubricant if bolts must be reused
Whether to reuse bolts is a common problem. It is especially convenient to reuse fasteners in the field when carrying spare parts of various sizes and grades. In addition, the cost of reuse is lower.
However, it is difficult to determine if the used fasteners are damaged and if they are damaged, it may cause problems. Judging whether the bolts can be reused depends on the situation. If signs of corrosion are found, reuse should be avoided where possible. If you can see the thread damage, you should also avoid repeated use.
However, there may be no choice in some cases, and the need to reuse damaged bolts as a temporary solution. Always use a lubricant if it must be reused. Lubricants are resistant to corrosion to a certain extent. If the thread is damaged, the lubricant will help achieve the necessary pre-tensioning force before the opportunity to install the new bolt.
9. Pre-tightening and tightening – choose the right tool and sequence of operations
The preload level determines the bearing capacity of the bolted joint. Therefore, the preload force level that the bolt connection needs to reach should be judged, and then the preload force is achieved by an appropriate fastening method and tightening sequence.
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