The technology of cotton cultivation has been a lot of talks on this site. Today, Xiaobian will give an example. The "Alar model" of Alar's cotton and high-yield cotton cultivation hopes to help everyone better grow cotton and achieve a good harvest.
The third division of the First Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is located in Alar City, on the northwestern edge of the Taklimakan Desert. The existing cultivated land area is 250,000 mu, of which cotton planting area is 136,000 mu, 100% realizes large horsepower plowing, precision sowing, precision drip irrigation, aircraft adjustment, 80% cotton field realizes machine cotton mining, last year cotton total output reached It has a total production value of 1,258.6 million kilograms and an average annual income of 60,000 yuan.
In order to increase cotton production, the local government began to improve the scientific and technological competitiveness, actively carry out the introduction, testing and demonstration of new technologies such as breeding of disease-resistant varieties and hybrid cotton seed production, comprehensively implementing responsibility target management, and organizing experts and technicians to work under the grassroots company. On-the-spot guidance, establish close ties with grassroots workers, build a network of cotton technical guidance work, and achieve the goal of high-yield cotton field management in “a thousand acres of cotton fields, one flat, one thousand acres of cotton fields and one colorâ€.
High quality cotton planting management technology:
It is necessary to eliminate the use of self-retained species, and to adopt early-maturing varieties with strong disease resistance, wide adaptability, more developed roots, stronger growth, strong leaf function in the late stage, and greater yield per plant. For resistant varieties, it is necessary to use the multi-resistance varieties approved by the relevant departments. The seeds should be treated with de-coating and coating, and the germination test should be done at the same time.
Sowing period management:
The seed is ready to be well-stocked and adjusted, strictly control the quality of the seeds, eliminate the use of self-retained seeds, ensure that the germination test is done before the end of March, and the unqualified seeds should be resolutely replaced, and the qualified cotton seeds should be adjusted in time. Less than 95%, the clarity is not less than 99%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, the water content is not more than 12%, the breaking rate is less than 5%, the damage rate is less than 0.15%, and the suitable seed coating agent is required to be packaged. After the clothes are coated, the seeds are dried and ready to be broadcast. Before the sowing, artificial grain selection must be carried out to select the seeds and variegated seeds.
Irrigation and sputum storage, light and alkali, winter irrigation, spring irrigation as a supplement, sorghum water treatment of alkali, salt and alkali washing is the key to achieve a full seedling, with a salt depth of 80 cm or less, total soil salt <3‰ . Do not cross-irrigation, do not run water, take the irrigation method of winter irrigation Dagutian small flow, spring irrigation small grid field flow, Getian area is not more than 1000 square meters, irrigation water per hectare 2700 cubic meters; Light and well-maintained winter irrigation land, can no longer be used to sow the former water, directly planting the soil, on the one hand to save water, on the other hand is conducive to raising the ground temperature; for the winter irrigation land with poor salinity or poor salinity, can be re-filled once For the former water, for the place where winter irrigation is not carried out, try to fill the water twice in the early spring to ensure the quality of irrigation.
After the land is prepared, the cotton field will be ploughed and smashed in time to ensure the grievances, and the seven-character standard of “Qi, Ping, Sui, Broken, Pine, Net and Straight†should be achieved. Good, dry, not wet, prevent soil alkali-aggregation (alkaline spots) requirements. Suitable for entering the car, the depth of the plowing is 24~26 cm, the turning is smooth, the coverage is strict, and the "five phases" are rationally coordinated (ie, the irrigation period, the plowing period, the repression period, the sowing period and the return of rainfall and the salinity of the saline-alkali land) The relationship between the number of days and the duration of the interval, the spring irrigation field should be aired to the right after irrigation, moderately dry and then smashed after plowing the ground, in order to prevent low temperature and moisture, the soil moisture is too large, leading to rotten seeds and dead seedlings; plowing, suppression Before and after the sputum, it is necessary to clean up the residual film and straw in time to reduce soil pollution; it is strictly forbidden to plough the plowing land, suppress and sow, and it is strictly forbidden to plow the ground and dry it until it is pressed and sowed.
Prepare enough fertilizer to apply base fertilizer, seedling growth is stable, not prone to prolonged, and has strong growth in the middle and late stages, not premature aging characteristics, using 70% of total nitrogen fertilizer, 80% of total phosphate fertilizer and all potassium fertilizer (ie per hectare) Urea 450 kg, diammonium phosphate 300 kg, potassium fertilizer 75 ~ 150 kg) as a base fertilizer deep turn, full-layer fertilization. Ensure that there are 1,650~1800 standard fertilizers per hectare (ie 110~120 standard fertilizer per mu, 60 standard nitrogen, 30 standard phosphorus, 40~50 standard nitrogen, 30 standard phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, and the remaining 20~30kg of standard nitrogen will play a regulatory role).
Reasonable close planting can be reasonably densely planted according to the natural ecological conditions, soil fertility status and characteristics of the species in order to obtain the highest number of bolls in the field. It is necessary to strictly follow the characteristics and cultivation techniques of different varieties to ensure planting, to ensure the cotton population and individual development are highly coordinated, and to realize the ideal breeding process of cotton in April, May, May, July, and August. To reduce the loss of buds and bells, to achieve the goal of high yield and stability, the seedlings per hectare should be between 195,000 and 225,000.
Timely sowing can determine the sowing date according to the climate of the region, the weather conditions during the sowing date, the length of the variety growth period, the water and fertilizer conditions, etc. The general suitable sowing period is April 10~25, and the suitable sowing date of the early and middle mature cotton Seeding at a temperature of 5 cm under the membrane for 5 days and reaching a double index of 12.5 ° C and an average temperature of ≥ 14 ° C. If the seeding is too early, due to low temperature, the roots grow slowly and the disease is serious, and the early peaches are earlier and more, leading to later stages. Premature aging occurs when nutrition is not available.
Improve the quality of sowing. Strictly, the sowing speed should be uniform, the uniformity of the seed should be uniform and the depth should be the same, the displacement should be no, the black and white clear lighting surface should be large, and the precision seeding should be carried out to ensure the whole seedling. The line is straight, the line spacing is uniform, the seeds are even, the film is tight, the soil is well covered, the film surface is flat, and the head to the side is broadcasted to a depth of 2.5 to 3 cm, and the porosity is not more than 3%.
Strengthen the post-sowing management of cotton planting, press the wind-proof belt and the corn trapping belt as required; do the filming, lamination, sealing and other work after the sowing, and check the emergence of the field frequently, and find that the seedling is missing. Or there are rotten seeds and rotten buds, replanting if necessary, releasing seedlings in time, eliminating double plants, and striving to achieve a seedling rate of more than 90% in the field. After the sowing, the field with high humidity should be ploughed in time to break the soil compaction, eliminate weeds, promote the rooting of cotton seedlings, cultivate strong seedlings, enhance the ability of cotton to resist premature aging, and the depth of cultivating is 10~15 cm. Ridge, it is necessary to transplant and replenish seedlings in time.
Growth period management
The management of seedling stage and bud stage should aim at shaping good plant type and promoting early growth of seedlings, achieving the standard of “early, full, homogeneous, uniform and strongâ€, overcoming the influence of undesirable natural factors, improving the reproductive environment and ensuring seedlings. Normal growth.
Medium tillage seedling stage is the key to promote deep rooting, strong growth of the aboveground part, and to achieve early growth of strong seedlings. The number and depth of medium tillage should be flexibly mastered. Timely farming. The cultivating is very important for the film cotton, which can increase the temperature and protect the mites, creating a good environment for the growth of cotton seedlings.
Fertilization at the seedling stage is slower, the plant is less nutritious, and the absorption and consumption are less. The top dressing should be applied early according to the seedling condition, lightly applied or not applied; the base fertilizer is sufficient, but the seedling fertilizer is not chased, the soil fertility is poor, and the base fertilizer is less. Appropriate topdressing can be used to lay a certain nutrient base for the bud period, and set up a high-yield shelf; the seedling fertilization is carried out, and the urea applied per hectare does not exceed 75 kg. For the thin second and third types of seedlings, the top dressing can be applied to promote the seedlings. Big seedlings.
In the bud stage, the appropriate amount of top dressing and watering before planting is sufficient to water the seedling stage without watering, and the roots of the film cotton are shallow, and the buds bloom early, such as before the plants have not yet set up the shelf. Most of the nutrients produced are supplied to the reproductive organs, which will greatly inhibit the growth of vegetative growth. Cotton in the Alar cotton planting area is generally budded from the end of May to the beginning of June. It is in the stage of lack of moisture in the cotton field, which seriously affects the cotton plant. In this period, according to local conditions, fill the water in the foot, timely and appropriate amount of topdressing, timely tillage and conservation, promote roots under the tie, coordinate vegetative growth and reproductive growth; in mid-June, when cotton enters the early flowering stage of Shenglei, it is necessary to carry out topdressing and watering; The cotton field with poor soil fertility, insufficient base fertilizer and weak growth, 90~120 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare in the bud period, so that the plants can set up a high-yield shelf in the early flowering stage.
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