Photovoltaic to the countryside has a bright future.

Photovoltaic to the countryside has a bright future. During the chilly winter, where did China's PV products, which were hit by Europe and the United States' double counterattacks, come out? The recent introduction of many new policies shows that relevant government departments have realized that only the development of the domestic terminal market can bring vitality to the Chinese PV that has fallen to the bottom.

Since May of this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has been intensively investigating the application of solar photovoltaics in rural areas throughout the country, and has recently announced that it will take the lead in organizing and implementing a plan of “photovoltaic to the countryside”. On December 19, the State Council, at the executive meeting on the topic of photovoltaic industry issues, also proposed for the first time “encouraging families to install and use photovoltaic power generation systems”, which means that the gates of distributed photovoltaic power generation applications will soon open up to the rural market.

Wen Jianhua, Chief Operating Officer of Hunan Gongchuang Photovoltaic Technology Co., Ltd., told reporters of the “China Science Journal”: “We have long been looking forward to this policy of photovoltaics to the countryside. This is the only way for solar energy to truly benefit the people.”

Broad prospects

At present, photovoltaic power generation in rural areas in China is almost a "vacuum zone." Exploiting this huge potential terminal market is critical for China's photovoltaic products.

According to Li Junhua, a researcher at the China Business Intelligence Network, from the perspectives of resource advantages, technological level, production capacity, and industrial infrastructure, China has already had the conditions for accelerating the start-up of the photovoltaic market, and urgently needs electricity for production and living, and has abundant land resources. The rural market will become a new growth point for photovoltaic domestic demand.

If you can use the slope of an agricultural plastic greenhouse to install solar modules to build a new type of greenhouse made of transparent photovoltaic glass, not only can produce electricity while growing vegetables, but also can use photovoltaic cells to promote plants in the greenhouse to accelerate photosynthesis.

It is reported that at present, the area of ​​standardized agricultural sheds in China has reached 50 million mu. If the entire photovoltaic integrated system is completed, it will drive a huge market of 250 billion yuan.

Wen Jianhua further pointed out: "In fact, in terms of agricultural production alone, greenhouses that everyone knows best is only a typical application, not all."

He said that due to the large area of ​​rural areas in China, there are many places where electricity is used in the fields. If all grid access is not practical, photovoltaic power generation can make up for less than the grid coverage. For example, an insecticidal lamp used for field pest control can be powered by a small thin-film solar battery. In addition, photovoltaic products can also be used for water supply irrigation systems.

Relative to production applications, photovoltaic applications in life are more extensive. Wen Jianhua said that the integration of photovoltaic buildings currently being promoted by the country is not only suitable for cities but also suitable for rural areas. He had conducted detailed surveys in rural areas in the south and found that in some of the more affluent areas, families often live in the same building, and households use electricity even higher than urban residents.

“I've been to a farmer. There are 3 floors and a dozen houses in his house. The total area of ​​the balcony is not nearly 400 square meters. The whole family cooks and burns all the electricity. The monthly electricity bill is up to 1,000 degrees. The family is very suitable for transformation into a photovoltaic integrated building." Wen Jianhua said.

On-grid "blocking the road tiger"

However, photovoltaic rural areas are not full of fresh flowers surrounded by the road. It can be foreseen that in the future, a considerable part of the photovoltaic power generation equipment constructed by farmers will not be fully used for self-use, and surplus electricity generated outside of production and living will be incorporated into the local power grid in exchange for economic benefits, and grid-connected issues will become the biggest “stumbling block”.

Li Junhua said that when excess electricity was incorporated into the local rural power grid, the grid approval and technical barriers involved were really thorny issues that photovoltaics had to solve.

In order to speed up the promotion of distributed PV access, the State Grid Corporation of China has issued a "Circular on the Implementation of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Grid Connection Services" (hereinafter referred to as the "Notice") at the end of October this year. The “Notice” requires that for a single grid point with a total installed capacity of not more than 6 MW, the grid company will be responsible for the cost of the public grid reform caused by the grid connection, and the cost of access to the system project will be considered both grid-connected and grid-connected. The situation is the responsibility of the grid companies and the owners. However, if not only to sell electricity to the grid, the owner still needs to have two-way smart meters.

Since the issuance of the "Notice," a total of 521 consultation services on distributed photovoltaic power generation and grid connection have been accepted in the country in November this year, and 123 applications for filing services have been accepted, with a total installed capacity of 176.4 megawatts.

On December 21st, a distributed photovoltaic power supply in the Jialinggou district of Qingdao City was successfully integrated into Qingdao Power Grid, marking the official grid-connected distribution of photovoltaic power from the country's first residential users.

It can be seen that the state has taken a substantial step in promoting distributed photovoltaic power generation and grid integration, which will gradually clear up the policy barriers for grid-connected photovoltaics to the countryside.

Wen Jianhua believes that in the recent government's promotion of photovoltaics to the countryside, the ideal situation is still self-initiated, that is, distributed, off-grid, or first to the nearest network, but only use (electricity). In the future, when it is slowly developed and sold on the grid, households can be units or villages and towns can be used as units.

He frankly stated that there is a certain gap between the conditions of the rural grid connection and the city. In many places, only one township has a substation. The distance between the farmer's place of residence and the substation is too far, which has also caused difficulties in connecting the network. "But with the advancement of new rural construction and urbanization, I believe these difficulties will be gradually resolved."

Urgent need for subsidies and matching

At present, there are a considerable number of opinions in the industry that rural households may not be able to afford the cost of building a simple family photovoltaic power plant for several thousand yuan, which will seriously hinder the promotion of photovoltaics to the countryside.

However, a recent survey conducted by Hunan CCTC Solar Technology Co., Ltd. on Hunan rural areas shows that according to the current construction cost and level, even if the country does not provide special subsidies for the construction and reconstruction of the project, the implementation has only been implemented. Degree of power generation subsidies, regardless of whether or not connected to the network, can be returned within 6 to 8 years, and the yield rate is about 12% to 15%.

Wen Jianhua said: "The survey results will help improve the enthusiasm of rural family participation."

He said that even if rural users do not have the money to invest, they can also entrust energy contract management companies with advanced investment and management. They only need to give the latter the benefits of grid-connected power generation and use only part of their electricity to maintain production and living.

Li Junhua suggested that in the early stages when farmers do not understand the return on returns, the government can adopt direct investment and subsidies to companies. “Some rural PV power plants can be built directly by government investment or by apportionment, and local or users themselves are responsible for managing and operating, but government investment will be very large, or it may encourage enterprises to invest in construction. The government gives enterprises reasonable subsidies.”

However, he reminded us that no matter which method is adopted, it is difficult for China to implement it in a wide range within a short period of time.

In addition, if the State Grid acquires the grid-connected electricity from the PV to the countryside at a price of 1 yuan/kWh as stipulated by the National Development and Reform Commission, the current sales price of the national grid is generally around 0.5 to 0.6 yuan per degree. How the government loses money to the national grid? The acquisition of subsidies will be another key to the success of the plan.

Li Junhua also pointed out that due to the current PV subsidy to the countryside and related supporting policies are lacking, companies lacking a clear investment return expectation in this field.

The latest good news is that the attention paid to the distributed generation subsidies policy was finally confirmed at the State Council executive meeting on December 19. The market predicts that the forthcoming subsidy standard will be 0.4-0.6 yuan/degree. Gui Fangxiao, an industry analyst at Great Wall Securities, believes that this standard is already attractive for investment.

“Photovoltaic rural areas should go first in regions where lighting resources are relatively good and buildings are relatively easy to transform. At the same time, the state should make overall plans and subsidies in terms of building regulations, subsidies, etc., and introduce projects in terms of project application, docking, and qualification approval. More detailed operation methods." Wen Jianhua said.

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