The AC speed control system primarily refers to the frequency conversion speed control system that uses an electronic power converter to regulate the speed of an AC motor. Compared to DC drive systems, frequency conversion speed control offers superior performance and is often the preferred choice in many industrial applications. Modern frequency conversion systems typically use 16-bit or 32-bit microcontrollers as their control core, enabling full digital control and precise speed regulation. The performance of these systems is now comparable to that of traditional DC drives. However, when using an inverter, maintenance can be more complex than with DC systems. In case of failure, ordinary electricians may find it difficult to resolve the issue. This article explores common inverter faults and provides practical troubleshooting approaches.
First, parameter setting failures are a common issue. When using an inverter, proper parameter configuration is essential for ensuring it meets the requirements of the transmission system. Incorrect settings can lead to malfunction or improper operation.
1. **Parameter Settings**
Most inverters come pre-configured with factory default values. While these settings allow basic panel operation, they may not suit the needs of most industrial systems. Before using the inverter correctly, users should adjust the following parameters:
- (1) Confirm motor parameters such as power, current, voltage, speed, and maximum frequency. These values can typically be found on the motor’s nameplate.
- (2) Choose the control mode—such as speed control, torque control, or PID control—and perform static or dynamic identification based on required accuracy.
- (3) Set the start-up mode. Most inverters are set to start from the panel by default, but users can choose other methods like external terminals or communication interfaces.
- (4) Select the signal input method. Frequency can be set via the panel, external reference, voltage, current, or communication. It can also be a combination of these methods. Once all parameters are properly configured, the inverter should operate normally. For better performance, fine-tuning based on actual conditions is recommended.
2. **Handling Parameter Setting Failures**
If a parameter-related fault occurs, the inverter may not function correctly. In such cases, users should refer to the manual and adjust the parameters accordingly. If this doesn’t resolve the issue, resetting all parameters to factory defaults and reconfiguring them step by step is usually the best approach. Note that the reset procedure may vary depending on the manufacturer.
Second, overvoltage faults are another common problem. Inverters typically experience overvoltage on the DC bus. Under normal conditions, the DC voltage comes from three-phase full-wave rectification. For a line voltage of 380V, the average DC voltage (Ud) is approximately 513V. If the voltage rises beyond safe limits, the DC bus capacitor will charge. When the voltage reaches around 760V, the inverter triggers overvoltage protection. Therefore, maintaining the inverter within its operational voltage range is crucial to avoid damage. Overvoltage issues can occur due to various reasons, including sudden load changes or incorrect braking configurations.
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**Labels:** AC motor inverter
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