Feed costs make up approximately 60% to 70% of the total cost in chicken production, making it essential to optimize feed utilization. Improving how efficiently chickens use their feed can significantly reduce expenses and boost profitability. Here are several effective strategies to enhance feed efficiency:
First, formulate feed scientifically. When selecting raw materials, prioritize quality and palatability. Ingredients like blood meal, leather powder, feather meal, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, sesame cake, grass powder, and distillers’ grains often have poor characteristics and may not be well accepted by chickens. These should be processed before use or limited in quantity. Avoid using moldy or deteriorated ingredients, and ensure that all components are free from pesticides or other harmful substances. Diversifying feed ingredients helps balance nutrients, improving digestibility and overall feed utilization. Also, consider the digestive physiology of different chicken types, especially controlling crude fiber levels—ideally no more than 5%, as higher levels can reduce daily weight gain and feed efficiency.
Second, process feed appropriately. The way feed is prepared has a major impact on its digestibility. Heat treatments like pelleting or extrusion can improve nutrient availability, but over-processing may damage nutrients. For example, properly heating soybeans destroys trypsin inhibitors, enhancing feed utilization. Mixing feed too vigorously can lower digestibility, while particle size also plays a role: too large reduces digestion, while too small may decrease palatability and increase the risk of gastric ulcers.
Third, adopt scientific feeding practices. Feeding methods vary, and dry vs. wet feeding can influence feed conversion rates. However, higher feed intake might lead to increased fat deposition. Ensuring clean, fresh water is crucial for optimal feed utilization.
Fourth, create a favorable feeding environment. Temperature, humidity, ventilation, and lighting all affect feed efficiency. Laying hens perform best at 18–20°C; extreme temperatures can either increase feed intake (and energy used for heat) or reduce it. Proper environmental control is vital for maintaining performance.
Fifth, enhance feeding management. Overcrowding can lower feed intake and productivity, while smaller, well-managed groups tend to perform better. Good management practices directly contribute to improved efficiency.
Lastly, maintain strong biosecurity and health programs. A well-structured disease prevention plan and timely treatment of sick birds help maximize flock performance.
In addition, using feed additives such as enzymes, probiotics, and traditional Chinese medicine can further improve feed utilization and overall chicken performance. By implementing these strategies, poultry producers can achieve better results and reduce costs effectively.
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