The thorny vegetable, also known as the small scorpion, is a persistent perennial weed that thrives across various regions. It commonly affects dry crops such as wheat, cotton, and soybeans. Due to its well-developed rhizome system, it exhibits strong resistance to herbicides, making it difficult to manage. According to the **pesticide network**, 2,4-D has shown some effectiveness against thorny vegetables, and it can be applied after the fourth leaf stage of wheat but before the jointing phase.
In field trials conducted in 2011, researchers from the Institute of Plant Protection at the Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences evaluated the efficacy of several herbicides on invasive weeds. They tested 48% wheat straw with a water-repellent agent, 10% bensulfuron-methyl WP, 20% fluoxysulfuron EC, 40% oxyfluorfen water-dispersible granules, 25% bromoxynil octanoate emulsifiable concentrate, 10% acesulfame emulsifiable concentrate, 56% 2,4-D soluble powder, and 48% herbicide for weeding. The application rates varied, with the pure active ingredient per hectare ranging from 15 g to 1000 g. The results showed varying levels of control: the number of plants was reduced by 70.69%, 44.95%, 19.91%, 28.48%, 38.05%, 64.88%, 43.21%, and 29.81%, while fresh weight reduction reached up to 88.67%. Dicamba and fluroxypyr were found to be particularly effective against thistle and other broadleaf weeds in severe wheat fields, making them preferred choices among **pesticides**.
Dicamba is a systemic herbicide that is absorbed through the stems and leaves of both weeds and wheat. Once taken up, it moves through the phloem and accumulates in the meristematic tissues, disrupting plant hormone functions and leading to the death of the weed. It is especially effective against broadleaf weeds like swinecress, cocklebur, thorns, leeks, snails, johnsongrass, sage, and large nests. Symptoms such as leaf distortion and curling appear within 24 hours, and the weeds typically die within 15 to 20 days. In grasses like wheat, dicamba is quickly broken down, minimizing the risk of crop damage. It should only be applied from the fourth leaf stage until just before jointing, and not before or after this period. Dicamba degrades rapidly in soil, making it safe for subsequent crops.
Carbendazim is a post-emergence contact herbicide that works by inhibiting protoporphyrin oxidase in weeds, leading to the accumulation of toxic tetrapyrroles that harm plant cells. It effectively controls a range of broadleaf weeds, including medlar, amaranth, Xanthium, black nightshade, purslane, comfrey, and thorny vegetables. This herbicide acts quickly and is generally safe for crops when used properly. When applied to wheat fields, it is best done before winter, and the dosage should be moderate. It requires temperatures above 10°C; otherwise, it may cause phytotoxicity, resulting in yellowing of wheat leaves. However, the damage is usually temporary and reversible.
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