In recent years, with the widespread dissemination of agricultural science and technology, cotton farmers have increasingly adopted scientific methods in their cultivation practices. They are continuously improving techniques in fertilization, pesticide application, and pest management. However, despite these advancements, many cotton farmers have not given enough attention to the use of zinc fertilizer. Only a small percentage of farmers incorporate zinc into their farming routine, and this area requires more focus in the future to ensure optimal crop health and yield.
Zinc deficiency in cotton can lead to several visible symptoms. Affected plants tend to be stunted, with small, clustered leaves. The leaves often develop spots on both sides, with chlorotic (yellow) veins. Additionally, the leaves may become thick, brittle, and curl upward at the edges. Internodes shorten, and the overall growth period is delayed. A zinc content below 15 mg/kg in leaves or less than 0.5 mg/kg in soil indicates a deficiency. Most alkaline soils are particularly prone to zinc deficiency, making it essential for farmers in such regions to monitor and manage zinc levels carefully.
Zinc plays a crucial role in cotton growth and development. As a sensitive crop, cotton relies heavily on adequate zinc levels. Zinc helps enhance nutrient absorption, balance nutrient uptake, and improve photosynthetic efficiency. It also extends the lifespan of functional leaves, reduces flower and boll shedding, increases boll weight, improves fiber quality, and ultimately boosts yield and overall productivity. Studies show that without zinc fertilizer, cotton plants produce an average of 14.7 bolls per plant, with a 45.4% shedding rate, 65.3% pre-frost flowers, and a boll weight of 385 grams. With zinc application, these figures improve to 15.2 bolls per plant, 44.5% shedding rate, 70.4% pre-frost flowers, and a boll weight of 409 grams. Zinc also enhances the plant’s ability to withstand environmental stress. At temperatures between 40-45°C, zinc-treated plants experience 1.6–2.2% less tissue necrosis compared to those without zinc. At higher temperatures (55–60°C), the reduction in necrosis reaches 9.5–10.6%. Additionally, zinc improves resistance to diseases like yellowing and blight.
The proper application of zinc fertilizer is essential for maximizing its benefits. It should be applied as a base fertilizer before planting. Farmers can mix 1–1.5 kg of zinc sulfate per acre into the soil. During the flowering and boll-setting stages, foliar sprays of 0.2% zinc sulfate solution can be applied, with 60–70 kg of solution used per acre and sprayed 2–3 times. This ensures that the plants receive sufficient zinc at critical growth stages, supporting better development and resilience.
By paying more attention to zinc fertilizer use, cotton farmers can significantly improve crop performance and long-term sustainability.
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