The northeastern region is experiencing continuous rainfall, and many readers have contacted the newspaper to report that mold caused by high humidity is a widespread issue. Mold not only reduces the nutritional value of feed but also affects its palatability. More seriously, it can lead to mycotoxin contamination, which poses a threat to both livestock and poultry. Mild cases may hinder growth and development, while severe cases can result in poisoning or even death. This not only causes significant economic losses for farmers but also endangers human food safety.
For slightly moldy feed or raw materials, it can be mixed with other feeds for use, but should not be used as the main component for animals. However, if the mold is severe, it's better to dispose of the feed due to the high cost of treatment. There are several effective methods available for dealing with moldy feed:
**Removal Method**: This is suitable for straw and pellet feed. Once mold appears, the affected parts should be removed immediately.
**Washing Method**: Ideal for seed-based feeds. The moldy feed can be ground first, then placed in a tank with water. Stir thoroughly 3–4 times, change the water twice daily, and continue until the soaking water becomes clear.
**Drying Method**: Best for large quantities of straw feed. Dry the moldy feed in the sun, then ventilate and shake to remove the mold.
**Heating Method**: Suitable for cake ingredients. Baking at 150°C for 30 minutes or using a microwave for 8–9 minutes can destroy 48% to 61% of aflatoxins.
**De-embryo Method**: Applied to corn. Toxins are mainly found in the embryo. Grind the corn into small particles, add water, stir, and allow the embryos to float and be removed.
**Lime Water Soaking Method**: Suitable for corn and sorghum. After grinding, mix with lime powder and soak in water for several hours before rinsing and drying.
**Ammonia Treatment**: Effective for bran feed. Using 12.5g of ammonia water per kilogram of feed and sealing it for 5–7 days can reduce toxins significantly.
**Alkaline Cooking Method**: For seed-based feeds. Mix with water and soda ash or lime, cook until cracked, and rinse to remove the alkali smell.
**Adsorption**: Adding 0.5% clay or zeolite to the feed helps adsorb mycotoxins, promoting animal health.
**Fermentation**: Using Lactobacillus can reduce aflatoxin toxicity while improving nutrient content and palatability.
Farmers can also use anti-fungal agents to prevent mold. Propionic acid and its salts are commonly used, with ammonium dipropionate offering a less corrosive alternative. Composite anti-mold agents, combining various organic acids, are becoming increasingly popular due to their broader effectiveness and improved performance. These methods help ensure safer feed and healthier livestock, ultimately supporting sustainable farming practices.
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