With a wide variety of waterborne wood lacquers available in the market today, most of them can be categorized into four main types based on their composition and performance. Understanding these differences can help you make a more informed choice when selecting the right product for your project.
1. Water-based wood lacquer made primarily from acrylic acid offers good adhesion and doesn’t darken the wood’s natural color. However, it lacks in wear resistance and chemical resistance, resulting in a softer paint film with a pencil hardness of only HB. The finish isn't very full, and the overall performance is average. This type is often used due to its low cost and simple production process, which is why many people associate water-based paints with lower quality. Its main advantage is affordability.
2. Lacquers that combine acrylics with polyurethane offer improved properties. They retain the good adhesion of acrylics while adding better wear and chemical resistance. Some companies refer to this as "water-based polyester paint." These products have a higher pencil hardness (up to 1H), better film coverage, and performance that closely matches traditional oil-based paints. However, only a few manufacturers in China are capable of producing this type of high-quality product.
3. Polyurethane-based waterborne paints represent a more advanced option. They provide excellent film hardness (up to 1.5–2H), superior wear resistance, and a rich, full finish. In some cases, they even outperform oil-based paints in terms of durability and color retention. These products are considered top-tier in the water-based paint industry and are ideal for high-performance applications.
4. Pseudo-aqueous paints may appear to be water-based but contain significant amounts of solvents. Some of these products use additives like hardeners or special dilution agents, and although they might be diluted with water, they still carry a high solvent content. These paints can be harmful to human health, sometimes even more toxic than oil-based paints. Some companies mislabel them as "water-based polyester paints," so consumers should be cautious and look for proper certifications and testing results before purchasing.
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