First, try to avoid using separate fertilizers whenever possible. The best practice is to apply organic fertilizer first, followed by a balanced mix of urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride according to the specific needs of the crop. This ensures better nutrient absorption and reduces the risk of nutrient loss.
Second, never mix urea with ammonium bicarbonate. When combined, this mixture significantly slows down the conversion of urea into ammonia, which can lead to nitrogen loss through volatilization. This not only reduces the effectiveness of the fertilizer but also wastes valuable nutrients that could have been used by the plants.
Third, avoid applying urea directly on the soil surface. When left exposed, urea takes about 4 to 5 days at room temperature to convert into a form that crops can absorb. However, during this process, a large portion of the nitrogen is lost to the air as ammonia, resulting in an overall utilization rate of only around 30%. To maximize efficiency, it's better to incorporate urea into the soil or apply it after light irrigation.
Fourth, don’t water immediately after applying urea. As an amide-based nitrogen fertilizer, urea must be converted into ammonia before plants can take it up. If you water right after application or if heavy rain occurs soon after, the urea can be washed away or leached into deeper soil layers, reducing its availability to the plant roots. It’s best to wait a few days before watering to allow the conversion process to occur naturally.
By following these guidelines, farmers can optimize the use of urea, improve crop yields, and reduce environmental impact. Always consider local soil conditions and crop requirements when planning your fertilization strategy.
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