In response to the international financial crisis, helping small and medium-sized enterprises to overcome difficulties, transforming development methods, and achieving sound and rapid development, the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises," this year's National Development Document No. 36. Recently, the reporter carried out an implementation document to do a good job in promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and conducted an exclusive interview with Li Yizhong, Minister of Industry and Information Technology.
(1) Reporter: Why should the State Council issue Document No. 36? What new content does this document have compared to past policy measures?
A: Since last year, the international financial crisis has brought a big impact on China's real economy. The impact on foreign-oriented and labor-intensive SMEs is particularly serious. The Party Central Committee and the State Council timely implemented the package plan of “guaranteeing growth, expanding domestic demand, adjusting structure, and benefiting the people's livelihoodâ€. The domestic economy has stabilized and rebounded, and positive changes have taken place in the production and operation of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, the current economic recovery is still not stable, and the development situation of SMEs is still grim. To this end, the State Council has deployed and further promoted the development of SMEs and issued this document. These policies are an important part of the “package plan†and are comprehensive measures for SMEs. The document fully reflects the concern and attention of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to small and medium-sized enterprises. The introduction of the document is conducive to boosting the confidence of small and medium-sized enterprises in overcoming difficulties and helping small and medium-sized enterprises to get out of the predicament as soon as possible. The document will solve the practical difficulties of SMEs, maintain stable and rapid development, and promote structural adjustment, guide SMEs to change their development mode, and comprehensively improve the overall quality and market competitiveness of enterprises.
On the basis of the implementation of the SME Promotion Law in 2003 and the introduction of some opinions on the development of non-public economy such as private and private sectors in 2005 (ie, 36 non-public economies), Document No. 36 proposed to further support the development of SMEs. Policy measures. It mainly includes: improving the policy system for SMEs; effectively alleviating the financing difficulties of SMEs; increasing fiscal and tax support for SMEs; accelerating technological progress and structural adjustment of SMEs; supporting SMEs to develop domestic and international markets; and strengthening and improving SMEs Services; guiding small and medium-sized enterprises to strengthen management; strengthening the organization and leadership of SMEs, and other eight aspects, a total of 29 policy opinions. These policies are formulated in response to the outstanding contradictions and problems faced by the current SMEs. For example, the implementation period of the phased deferred payment of social insurance premiums or reduced rate policies for difficult SMEs will be extended to the end of 2010; Difficulties, some institutional and institutional reform measures adopted by financial institutions; small-scale meager profit enterprises with annual taxable income of less than 30,000 yuan will be levied income tax by half in 2010; special funds for special investment in technological transformation within the central budget and special funds arranged by local governments Supporting the technological transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises; accelerating the establishment of a national small and medium enterprise development fund, guiding social funds to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; and formulating specific measures for government procurement to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises are the first policy points proposed or emphasized.
(2) Reporter: At present, loans are still the primary choice for most SMEs. But in fact, it is very difficult for small businesses to get bank loans, especially. Excuse me, what policy measures have the state adopted to encourage banks to issue more loans to SMEs?
A: In order to alleviate the difficulty of SME loans, the Bank and the China Banking Regulatory Commission have done a lot of work. Document No. 36 proposes a series of policy measures. Institutionally, state-owned commercial banks and joint-stock banks are required to establish small business financial service franchises, strengthen and improve financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises, and accelerate the development of new small and medium-sized financial institutions such as loan companies, village banks, and mutual funds. The development supports private capital participation in the establishment of joint-stock financial institutions and the improvement of multi-level financial services systems for SMEs. In encouraging financial institutions to expand loans to small and medium-sized enterprises, encourage the establishment of small enterprise loan risk compensation funds, grant appropriate subsidies to financial institutions for small business loans, and provide appropriate risk compensation for small business non-performing loan losses; improve property mortgage system and The method for determining the collateral of loans shall, through the methods of movable property, accounts receivable and equity, alleviate the problem of insufficient collaterals for SMEs; and implement differentiated supervision policies for commercial banks. In the improvement of the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises, we will increase financial support, improve the guarantee capability of guarantee institutions, and implement the policy of exempting business tax, reserve withdrawal and compensation loss pre-tax deduction for qualified guarantee institutions.
(3) Reporter: Less financing channels are an important reason for the financing difficulties of SMEs. What other considerations does the country have in broadening the financing channels for SMEs?
A: In recent years, relevant parties have focused on solving the problem of unsatisfactory direct financing channels for SMEs, and comprehensively adopted a number of measures to explore diversified financing channels for SMEs. First, actively develop SMEs' listing financing. On the basis of expanding the scale of the SME board, the GEM was launched. Second, support financial institutions to carry out pilot projects for SME loan securitization, and build diversified direct financing channels for SMEs. The third is to standardize and promote the development of the property rights trading market. We selected Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other places to carry out pilot projects for regional SME property rights trading markets, and guided them to provide services for SMEs' property rights, property rights, equity, and creditor's rights. The fourth is to actively promote the collection and distribution of bonds by SMEs. Beijing, Shenzhen, Dalian and other provinces and cities have successfully issued collective bonds for SMEs with a total issued amount of 1.82 billion yuan. The fifth is to establish and improve the venture capital investment mechanism. Through tax incentives, financial support, and venture capital guiding funds, we encourage and encourage all types of venture capital institutions to increase investment in small and medium-sized enterprises.
(4) Reporter: Would you please introduce the fiscal and taxation policies of the No. 36 document to support SMEs?
A: In terms of fiscal policy, the central government has set up a special fund for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, which is mainly used for technological innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, special development of small and medium-sized enterprises, international market development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and special subsidies for small and medium-sized enterprise service systems. By the end of 2008, the central government has issued a total of 20.85 billion yuan of special funds to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. On the basis of 3.9 billion yuan in 2008, it increased to 9.6 billion yuan in 2009 and will gradually increase in the future. In order to reduce the burden on enterprises, the relevant departments of the State Council in 2008 canceled and stopped the collection of 100 administrative fees for administrative protection fees for agricultural chemical products nationwide, which can reduce the burden on enterprises and society by about 19 billion yuan per year. In terms of tax policy, the new corporate income tax law implemented at the beginning of last year reduced the statutory tax rate from 33% to 25%, and levied a small, low-profit enterprise that meets the requirements at a low tax rate of 20%. Enterprises are levied at a reduced rate of 15%. From this year, the state has implemented a VAT reform reform across the country, allowing enterprises to deduct the input tax included in newly purchased equipment; and reducing the VAT rate of small-scale taxpayers from 6% and 4% to 3%; Since August last year, the export tax rebate rate has been raised seven times.
On this basis, Document No. 36 also proposes to speed up the establishment of the National Small and Medium Enterprise Development Fund; in 2010, the small-scale profit-making enterprises whose annual taxable income is less than 30,000 yuan will be levied income tax by half; the payment of urban land use tax by small and medium-sized enterprises does have If it is difficult, the tax reduction and exemption application can be filed according to the regulations; small and medium-sized enterprises that cannot pay taxes on time can also apply for deferred payment according to law. The document also requires local finance to increase support for SMEs.
(V) Reporter: Unreasonable structure and overcapacity are important factors that cause difficulties in the production and operation of current SMEs. What are the policy measures for the SMEs to speed up technological progress and structural adjustment?
A: In order to promote the technological progress and structural adjustment of SMEs and transform the economic growth mode, Document No. 36 proposes six measures: First, support SMEs to increase R&D investment and develop new products that are marketable. Strengthen the integration of industry, university and research and resource integration, and guide and support small and medium-sized enterprises to create their own brands. Second, in the special investment in technological transformation within the central budget, it is necessary to arrange funds for technological transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises. This year, 3 billion yuan will be arranged. The third is to promote the promotion and popularization of key energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies and high-efficiency energy-saving products and equipment, and eliminate backward technologies, processes, products and equipment among small and medium-sized enterprises according to law. Fourth, encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out various forms of economic and technological cooperation with large enterprises, and establish stable cooperative relations of supply, production and sales. The fifth is to improve the conditions for industrial agglomeration, support the cultivation of a number of key demonstration industrial clusters, and enhance the level of professional cooperation. The sixth is to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in emerging fields such as technology research and development, industrial design, technology consulting, information services and other production services and software development, network animation, and advertising creativity.
In order to support the technological transformation and technological progress of SMEs, the No. 36 document reiterated and introduced a number of support policies. In terms of taxation policies, fixed assets of small and medium-sized enterprises may be depreciated according to regulations due to technological advancement; research and development expenses of small and medium-sized enterprises may be deducted when calculating taxable income; investment in small and medium-sized enterprises is a domestic and foreign investment project encouraged by the state. Imported self-use equipment and related technologies, accessories and spare parts may be exempted from customs duties and import value-added tax according to regulations. In terms of fiscal expenditure, the state has arranged special funds to support SMEs to improve product quality and energy conservation and emission reduction through technological transformation; support the construction of SME public technology service platform; and support public technology R&D service institutions to carry out technical services for SMEs.
(6) Reporter: What measures has the state taken to guide small and medium-sized enterprises to improve their market competitiveness and actively explore domestic and foreign markets? What are your plans for the next step?
A: First of all, in order to create a good environment for international trade and economic cooperation among small and medium-sized enterprises, we have strengthened cooperation and exchanges with relevant countries and international organizations in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises, established a regular policy consultation mechanism for inter-governmental SMEs, and signed relevant cooperation agreements. Second, some specific policies have been introduced to help SMEs explore the international market. The main policies are as follows: First, set up international market development funds for small and medium-sized enterprises, support small and medium-sized enterprises for overseas exhibitions, international certification, publicity and promotion. For the public service platform and common technology research and development of export-oriented enterprises, the central government also gives certain financial support. The second is to build a platform for “small cooperation, exchange, display and trading†for SMEs. In September this year, the 6th China International Small and Medium Enterprises Fair and the China-Spain SME Expo held by the People's Government of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education and other departments have achieved fruitful results. During the Expo, 961 cooperation projects were promoted, with a cooperation amount of 123.98 billion yuan. A total of 255,000 people participated in the exhibition. The third is to support SMEs to stabilize domestic and foreign markets. Such as: increasing export tax rebate rate several times, helping small and medium-sized enterprises to improve market competitiveness; using special funds for small and medium-sized enterprises to support small and medium-sized enterprises to strengthen cooperation with large enterprises, establish stable supply and marketing channels; support export-oriented SMEs to adapt Sexual transformation, moderately shift to the domestic market. Fourth, through the physical assistance of foreign aid and material gifts, etc., to drive the relevant domestic quality products "going out."
The next step is to support the SMEs to actively explore the domestic market. Support enterprises with stable sales channels and high market share to accelerate development. Encourage qualified SMEs to participate in the replacement of home appliances, agricultural machinery, motorcycles and motorcycles, and home appliances and automobiles. The second is to stabilize the international market share of SMEs. Give full play to the role of SMEs in international market development funds and export credit insurance, and support SMEs to stabilize the external demand market. The third is to increase government procurement to support SMEs. Study and formulate specific measures for government procurement to support the development of SMEs, and increase the proportion of goods, engineering and services for SMEs.
(7) Reporter: At present, the production and operation of small and medium-sized enterprises is difficult. Some enterprises have stopped production and reduced production, and the number of layoffs and reductions in enterprises has increased. Excuse me, what specific policies are proposed in Document No. 36 to support SMEs, especially those in difficult SMEs, to stabilize their jobs?
A: Since last year, the state has issued some policy measures to stabilize employment in order to cope with the difficulties caused by the financial crisis to SMEs. For example, in February last year, the "Notice on Doing a Good Job in Promoting Employment" issued by the State Council stipulated that for small and medium-sized enterprises that absorb employment of difficult personnel, sign labor contracts and pay social insurance premiums, they will be given basic old-age insurance subsidies within the corresponding time limit. Medical subsidies, unemployment insurance subsidies. At the end of last year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of Taxation issued the "Notice on Adopting Active Measures to Reduce the Burden of Enterprises and Stabilizing the Employment Situation", stipulating that the small and medium-sized enterprises that have a greater impact on the financial crisis may be related to the state. Policies, phased down social insurance premiums or lower social insurance premium rates, and provide social insurance subsidies or post subsidies, on-the-job training subsidies, etc. for a certain period of time.
Considering that the impact of the financial crisis on the real economy is difficult to eliminate in the short term, Document No. 36 will extend the policy implementation period of difficult SMEs to phased down social insurance premiums or lower rates from the end of 2009 to the end of 2010. Document 36 also stipulates that small and medium-sized enterprises can negotiate with employees on wages, working hours, and labor quotas, and can apply to the local human resources and social security department for comprehensive calculation of working hours and irregular working hours.
(8) Reporter: From what aspects will the state further improve the services to SMEs, and what are the specific measures?
A: In recent years, governments at all levels have promoted the construction of service systems and improved services to small and medium-sized enterprises, and have achieved positive results. There are 29 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) that have set up provincial-level SME service organizations. Nearly half of the provinces and municipalities have established three-level SME service teams in provinces, cities and counties; services have covered technology, market, capital, management, and information. However, in general, the construction of China's SME service system is still lagging behind, and the proportion of SMEs using external services is still low. To this end, we will start from four aspects to strengthen and improve services for SMEs. The first is to strengthen overall planning. Formulate the "Special Plan for the Construction of SME Service System" to strengthen planning guidance and measures to ensure protection. The second is to cultivate comprehensive service institutions. It will play its window service functions such as regional policy consultation and service navigation, and drive social service resources to serve small and medium-sized enterprises. The third is to improve the service network and service facilities. Continue to promote the construction of a number of SME public service platforms and small business start-up bases, and improve the information service network for SMEs. The fourth is to improve the policy support mechanism. Support and guide service organizations to strengthen and improve services to SMEs through qualifications, business entrustment and financial subsidies.
(9) Reporter: The level of enterprise management is an important factor affecting the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises. To this end, Document No. 36 proposes to guide small and medium-sized enterprises to continuously improve their management level. What measures will the state take?
A: The level of corporate management largely determines the market competitiveness of a company. Guiding and supporting SMEs to strengthen management is an important task for us to promote the development of SMEs and an important measure to deal with the financial crisis. In this regard, Document 36 presents three policy opinions. First, support professional management consulting institutions to carry out SME management consulting activities, and guide SMEs to borrow “outside brains†to improve their management level. The second is to vigorously carry out training for all types of SMEs, and put forward the goal of comprehensive training for the management of 1 million growing SMEs in three years. The third is to implement the informationization promotion project for small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the pilotization of information technology for small and medium-sized enterprises in key regions and key industries, and guide small and medium-sized enterprises to use information technology to improve the level of research and development, management, manufacturing and service.
(10) Reporter: How can the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology implement the implementation of Document No. 36?
A: The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is responsible for taking the lead in supporting the development of SMEs. The key to Document 36 is to promote it well, implement it, and implement it. First, we must do a good job of publicizing the 36 documents. Make full use of newspapers, television, websites and other news media to publicize and introduce the main contents of Document 36, expand the policy influence of documents, and help SMEs and relevant parties to fully understand the contents of documents. Second, under the organization and guidance of the State Council Leading Group for Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, coordinate and cooperate with relevant departments to implement the division of work of Document No. 36. Document 36 identifies the division of work for the 16 major tasks in the near future. Among them, 8 of the main lead of our department, participated in the lead 4, with 4 other departments. The above work, led by our department, we will strengthen communication with relevant departments and do a good job of implementation; the work of our department, we must actively cooperate with the lead department and take the initiative to cooperate. Third, it is hoped that the local government will formulate specific measures for the implementation of Document No. 36 in conjunction with local conditions. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will summarize and exchange good practices and experiences in various regions in a timely manner. It is also hoped that while the external SMEs will improve their external environment, they must strengthen management, work hard, and rely on the joint efforts of the employees to overcome difficulties and strive for self-improvement, and continuously enhance their viability and market competitiveness.
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