Grinding requires a long-term vision

In order to be able to complete sub-micron precision machining tasks in a short period of time, Curt Reed uses advanced grinding technology because other processing plants cannot undertake or are unwilling to undertake such machining tasks. The commitment of its workshops to its customers is fully reflected in their high level of processing equipment and the advanced grinding technology they apply.
As I walked through Curt Reed's workshop, I clearly saw that all of the companies that specialize in grinding are looking for long-term benefits. Its clean and tidy 3000ft2 (1ft2=0.093m2) plant is located in the Wallingford area of ​​Connecticut. It has two universal CNC grinding machines from Studer and a Zeiss CMM coordinate measuring machine with a total value of approximately 125. Ten thousand U.S. dollars. These advanced equipment allow Mr. Reed to fully demonstrate his talents and play the role of a cylindrical grinding machine, providing a wide range of services for the defense, aerospace, automotive and mold processing industries. A small business made such an investment in capital equipment, indicating that it is full of confidence in the prospects and promises to fulfill its promise to customers. Mr. Reed's customers would rather see it as a long-term partner for precision grinding services than as a temporary supplier for expediency, which is very important to him.
Mr. Reed founded Precision Grinding Solutions in 2000. Previously, he worked in the tool shop of a large consumer goods factory for 15 years. He gained extensive experience in the use of the Studer S40 Universal CNC Grinding Machine and the grinding technology of high-precision tools using CBN grinding wheels. Initially, Precision Grinding Solutions, founded by he, provided application engineering services to United Grinding Technologies' (UGT Joint Grinding Technology) Studer Group. With UGT Group as its early major customer, he had the opportunity to further involve Studer's grinding technology and encountered various types of customers, some of which eventually became Mr. Reed's core customers. This led Mr. Reed to seize the opportunity to start offering his own grinding services in 2004.
Among these earlier customers, one of them encountered difficulties in grinding high-pressure turbine seals of tank engines. Mr. Reed's experience with another workshop's S40 grinder proved that he could undertake the grinding of the part of the company, so he won the business in his own business.
Precision Grinding Solutions specializes in forming grinding, contour grinding and cylindrical grinding. The shop mainly supplies grinding services for Tier 1 suppliers and Tier 2 suppliers, as they often need to grind many complex parts or surfaces made of superalloy materials, stainless steel, carbide and ceramics. Hard-treated plasma sprayed parts.
Safe machining shop Mr. Reed's shop is especially suitable for high-precision grinding. The workshop used to be a work shop for the printing business, which is very sensitive to temperature and requires precise control of the ambient temperature. The Leibert climate control system with a cooling capacity of 5t allows the temperature to be controlled within ±1oF and maintains proper humidity in the room.
The first equipment purchased in the workshop was the Studer S40 universal cylindrical grinding machine. The grinding machine is equipped with a C-axis machining head for high-speed forming grinding. It is also equipped with a B-axis grinding wheel grinding head, a rotary grinding wheel dresser, a carbon dioxide automatic fire extinguisher and a HEPA oil mist filter collection device. The Studer equipment is supplied by UGT United Grinding Technology Group, Inc., located in Miamisburg, Ohio. With the development of its business, the shop has added a Studer S31 universal CNC grinding machine with a centerline that is shorter than the S40 grinding machine.
The B-axis grinding wheel heads used on these machines achieve a resolution of 0.0001o and can be configured with 30 different internal and external grinding wheels. The S40 grinding machine in Mr. Reed's workshop is equipped with two side-by-side cylindrical grinding wheels on one side of the grinding wheel. The two wheels are 400mm and 500mm in diameter and can be used in straight or angularly close positions. On the other side of the grinding wheel head is the position where the Fisher spindle is mounted. The spindle speed ranges from 12 000 to 120 000 r/min for grinding the inner circle of the machined part. The S31 type grinding machine is equipped with two grinding wheels with a diameter of 500mm on both sides of the grinding wheel grinding head, and a position for installing the inner grinding grinding spindle is left. The grinding shaft for grinding the inner circle can also be used for grinding and not rounding. The surface or the contour of the cam is ground on the periphery of the part.
Mr. Reed said: “He uses mineral oil as a cooling medium instead of an aqueous solution because mineral oil has good properties and advantages for grinding and helps keep the grinding machine clean. Each grinding machine is equipped with special coolant filtration and Cooling unit supplied by Transor Filter USA. One cooling filter unit has a capacity of 1000 L; the other cooling filter unit has a capacity of 1200 L. These units are sized to suit the operating characteristics of such large grinding machines because they are required to provide Larger capacity coolant. According to the recorded data, the Trasfor cooling filter unit on this S40 grinding machine has been working for 11,000h, and the mineral oil used in the system has never been replaced. The coolant passes through the 1μm filtration system. Previously, the magnetic separator in the unit removed a portion of the contaminants in the coolant. The heat generated by the two filtered cooling systems was discharged to the outside through the ceiling of the factory roof to avoid an increase in the ambient temperature in the plant."
Mr. Reed added, “For the precision grinding of workpieces, the cooling of mineral oil is as important as its filtration. The Transor cooling filter delivers 20oC of coolant to the grinding machine to cool the base and workpiece of the machine. It is impossible to grind the valve parts and keep the cylindricity at a level of 1 μm by grinding the parts at the same temperature."
As far as Mr. Reed's shop is concerned, no matter when mineral oil is used as the coolant for grinding, the machine must be equipped with an automatic fire extinguishing system. He has seen some of the larger production plants ignore this important safety issue because they only focus on the initial cost and potential profit. Mr. Reed is convinced that it is worthwhile to add costs due to the addition of such a fire protection system, even if the system is used only once. In fact, the system was once used, not only saved his S40 grinder, but also saved his factory. During the commissioning setup, the grinding wheel collided with the dresser due to a software problem, which broke the wheel dresser and caused a spark. If the fire extinguishing system is not installed, the entire plant will be burned. But this time the fault only caused some of the fuses in the machine to melt and burn.
Exotic workpieces Mr. Reed has reached the point where the free-form cam profile grinding process has reached a level of skill. The forming of the cam profile is often performed by first rotating the workpiece in the C-axis direction while allowing the grinding wheel to oscillate in the X-axis direction. The S40 grinding machine in Mr. Reed's workshop has been modified to perform forming grinding with simultaneous movement in the C-axis and Z-axis directions. It is also possible to operate using a special StuderForm offline programming package. The reason why the grinding machine was modified was because the workshop underwent a grinding process of a 350 mm diameter forward cam. Its circular cam looks like a sine wave.
Typically, the shop grinds bearing parts. During the interview, the shop was grinding the bearing fittings used in the precision focusing components of the camera system, which was used in the weapon ignition navigation system of military helicopters. The workshop grinds the raceway of the bearing, the surface of the inner lens holder, and the inner and outer circles of the fitting. The parts were then electroplated and plated with a layer of chromium nitride to increase the surface hardness to 86 HRC. The shop has encountered the problem that sometimes the heat generated during the electroplating process will deform the parts, which inevitably leads to the scrapping of expensive parts. However, Mr. Reed discovered a method in which a grinding wheel made of superabrasive can grind a hard coating to restore the deformed part to its original shape. To date, the shop has saved 40 parts for its customers.
High-end inspection capabilities Almost all of the ground workpieces are machined using the Accura CMM CMM from Zeiss. In some cases, the shop has more accurate measurement capabilities than the customer. With such a high-precision measuring instrument, there is no longer any accusation of the accuracy of the grinding process between the processing shop and the customer. In fact, some customers use these measurements during part assembly. For example, one customer used an interference fit to assemble these parts. In order to achieve a perfect fit, all parts sent to the customer are laser-engraved with an ID number so that the parts can be assembled in accordance with each measurement data.
In addition to the spiral scanning and tangential approach of the CMM CMM, Mr. Reed appreciates the friendly user interface of Calypso software. Workpiece fixtures are often mounted on the CMM measuring machine table to meet current production needs. He can easily install parts in this way and quickly pick up the appropriate inspection program. All measurement data is stored centrally in PDF files and burned to CDs every day. Then store the CD in a vault outside the workshop.
Mr. Reed also used this high-end inspection equipment to contract out-out measurement tasks to help more quickly recover the investment of CMM CMMs. He admits that it is increasingly difficult to schedule time to undertake the task of outreach measurement because the shop has been busy.
Risks and Challenges Part of the reason for Mr. Reed's nervousness is that he has received particularly difficult processing tasks. But as long as the part is suitable for machining the machine, he will rarely reject such a machining task. He admits that parts that have only been seen once can be very difficult to correctly determine the processing price. However, he will make the assumption that he will see such work in the future and know that he will find a more effective way of doing things, perhaps making more money in such work. Even if such work is not repeated, the knowledge gained in processing such parts can be fully applied to the same type of machining work.
However, when planning how to grind complex parts, the challenge is to find a technician who can take on such work. Recently, during the first shift, Mr. Reed operated the machine tool himself; in the second shift, another employee was responsible for the operation of the machine. Because of the many jobs in the workshop, it is difficult to schedule time and train new employees. This is a common problem encountered in many small processing plants in the United States.
 

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