Cucurbitacin, also known by trade names such as Insect Enemy, Guard Bird, Saiwan Ding, Xihuading, and Good Comet, is a plant-based **insecticide** derived from certain lily plants. It belongs to the group of alkaloid compounds and is typically available as a greenish or brown transparent liquid. The active ingredients are extracted from the seeds of the squid plant and the rhizome of white squash. This natural insecticide works through contact and stomach toxicity, making it effective against a variety of pests.
The primary mode of action involves the pesticide entering the insect's body through the epidermis or ingestion. Once inside, it causes localized irritation, triggering an overexcited response in the insect. This leads to the inhibition of sensory nerve endings, followed by disruption of the central nervous system, ultimately resulting in the death of the pest. One of the key advantages of cucurbitacin is its low toxicity to humans and animals, minimal residue, and environmental safety. Its effectiveness lasts for over 10 days, which is longer than many other natural insecticides like rotenone and pyrethrum.
In vegetable farming, cucurbitacin is widely used for pest control. For example, during the early stages of aphid infestations in various vegetables, a 0.5% alcohol solution diluted 400–600 times can be applied once, providing protection for more than two weeks. If needed, other insecticides with similar effects can be alternated to enhance efficiency and reduce resistance development.
For cabbage caterpillar control, it is best to apply the insecticide when the plant is in the rosette stage or when the larvae are in the early instar stages. A 0.5% alcohol solution diluted 500–800 times can be sprayed, offering protection for up to two weeks. Similarly, for cotton bollworms, application should occur during peak hatching periods, using a 0.5% soluble liquid diluted 800–1000 times.
When dealing with leaf roller moths, a 0.5% alcohol solution diluted 500–800 times is recommended. It’s important to apply the product during the larval stage, as older larvae are less susceptible. For instance, the first to third instars of cotton bollworms are most vulnerable, while the fourth instar shows reduced sensitivity. Therefore, timing is crucial for optimal results.
Avoid mixing cucurbitacin with strong acids or bases, as this may reduce its efficacy. Always shake the container well before use and apply it separately. Store the product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, as it is prone to photodegradation. As noted by the **China Pesticide Network**, proper storage and handling are essential to maintain its potency and ensure safe usage.
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