Cucurbitacin, commonly known by trade names such as Insect Enemy, Guard Bird, Saiwan Ding, Xihuading, and Good Comet, is a natural insecticide derived from certain lily plants. It belongs to the class of alkaloid compounds and is typically available as a greenish or brownish transparent liquid. The active ingredients are extracted from the seeds of the squid plant and the rhizomes of white squash, making it effective against a variety of pests through both contact and stomach toxicity.
The primary mode of action involves the pesticide entering the insect’s system either through its epidermis or by ingestion. Once inside, it causes localized irritation, leading to overstimulation of the nervous system. This initially inhibits sensory nerve endings and then affects the central nervous system, ultimately resulting in the death of the pest. Cucurbitacin is considered safe for humans and animals, with low toxicity, minimal residue, and no environmental pollution. Its effectiveness can last over 10 days, which is longer than many other natural insecticides like rotenone and pyrethrum.
In vegetable production, cucurbitacin is widely used for pest control:
1. **Aphid Control**: Apply a 0.5% alcohol solution diluted 400–600 times during the early stages of aphid infestation on various vegetables. This treatment can remain effective for over two weeks. Additional applications of similar insecticides can be used to maintain high efficacy and reduce the risk of resistance.
2. **Cabbage Caterpillar Control**: During the rosette stage of cabbage or when the caterpillars are in their early larval stages, spray a 0.5% alcohol solution diluted 500–800 times. This provides protection for up to two weeks.
3. **Cotton Bollworm Control**: Apply the 0.5% soluble liquid formulation at 800–1000 times dilution during peak hatching periods of the bollworm.
4. **Leaf Roller Moth Control**: Use a 0.5% alcohol solution diluted 500–800 times to effectively manage leaf roller moth infestations.
For best results, apply the insecticide during the larval stage of the pest. For example, cotton bollworms are most susceptible during the first to third instar stages, while the fourth instar is less responsive. Therefore, it's recommended to treat them when they are younger. Avoid mixing with strong acids or alkalis, and always shake the solution well before use to ensure even distribution. Store the product in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight, as it is prone to photodegradation.
According to the China Pesticide Network, proper handling and application are essential to maximize the benefits of this natural, eco-friendly insecticide.
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