Choosing the right variety is essential for successful eggplant cultivation, especially in low-temperature and low-light environments. Varieties such as 'Crown Beauty' are highly recommended due to their vibrant coloration, long purple and green fruits, and ability to thrive under greenhouse conditions. These varieties not only maintain good quality but also produce high yields with excellent coloring even in less-than-ideal light and temperature conditions.
Seed treatment and sun-breeding play a crucial role in enhancing seed viability. Before planting, seeds should be exposed to sunlight for 1–2 days on a suitable surface—avoid using cement floors. This process helps accelerate seed maturation, improve germination potential, and eliminate surface bacteria, ensuring healthier seedlings from the start.
To prepare the seeds for sowing, soak them in warm water at 55°C for 15 minutes, then allow the temperature to drop to around 35°C. Soak the seeds for 8–9 hours, after which they should be dried before being ready for planting. This method ensures better germination and stronger seedlings.
When preparing the seedbed, use soil from solanaceous crops that has been sifted and formed into a bed of 1.2 meters wide, 5–6 meters long, and 10 cm thick. Mix 1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate into each seedbed to enhance nutrient content. The soil must be well-prepared, firm, and free of debris. After watering, lower the temperature slightly to create ideal conditions for germination.
For disease prevention, treat the seedbed with a mixture of 50% carbendazim WP and 50% DT bactericide. Prepare 10 grams per square meter and mix it with 5 kg of dry fine soil. Before sowing, scatter one-third of the treated soil onto the bed, then evenly distribute the seeds. Cover the remaining two-thirds of the soil over the seeds and add a thin layer (1–1.2 cm) of sifted soil. Finally, cover the seedbed with mulch to retain moisture and warmth.
During the post-seedling stage, maintain daytime temperatures between 25°C and 30°C, and nighttime temperatures between 16°C and 20°C. When temperatures rise, provide shade using old agricultural film or a shade net, which also offers protection against pests. Ensure proper ventilation to avoid overheating and promote healthy growth.
In the early seedling stage, remove the mulch once 70% of the seeds have emerged. Be cautious of pests like cutworms, which can damage young plants. A poison bait made from phoxim and wheat bran can be used to trap adult pests effectively. At 40 days after sowing, when the seedlings have 2–3 true leaves, transplant them with a spacing of 10×10 cm. Maintain a daytime temperature of 28–30°C and nighttime temperatures of 18–20°C to encourage strong growth and hardening off.
Before transplanting, water the seedbed thoroughly 5–7 days in advance. Spray a mixture of 50% DT fungicide diluted 600 times and 65% chlorothalonil diluted 600 times onto the leaves to prevent diseases and ensure healthy seedlings.
A strong seedling should be 15–18 cm tall, with 6–9 true leaves and an age of 80–90 days. The root system should be well-developed, with white roots and large buds at the top, indicating readiness for transplanting into the main field.
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