According to customs statistics, in the first half of this year, Fujian's exports of mechanical and electrical products reached US$ 13.44 billion, an increase of 39.6% over the same period of last year, which was 3.7 percentage points higher than the growth rate of national mechanical and electrical products during the same period. The export value has already surpassed the level of 13.32 billion US dollars in the first half of the year before the financial crisis.
First, the main features of Fujian's mechanical and electrical products exports in the first half of this year
(1) Processing trade goes hand in hand with general trade. In the first half of this year, Fujian Province exported 7.94 billion US dollars of mechanical and electrical products by processing trade, an increase of 38.5%, accounting for 59.1% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province in the same period; general trade exports were US$4.56 billion, up 40.1%, accounting for 33.9%.
(2) The export share of foreign-invested enterprises still accounts for an absolute majority, and the export of private enterprises and state-owned enterprises has shown a large increase. In the first half of this year, Fujian's foreign-invested enterprises exported 9.79 billion US dollars of mechanical and electrical products, an increase of 35.4%, accounting for 72.8% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province during the same period. In addition, private enterprises exported 2.26 billion US dollars, an increase of 66.5%, accounting for 16.8%; state-owned enterprises exported 1.15 billion US dollars, an increase of 42.7%, accounting for 8.5%.
(3) Mainly exported to the United States, the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. In the first half of this year, Fujian Province exported 2.99 billion US dollars of mechanical and electrical products to the United States, an increase of 46.4%, accounting for 22.3% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province in the same period; exports to the EU reached 2.66 billion US dollars, an increase of 41.2%, accounting for 19.8%; exports to ASEAN 1.32 billion US dollars, an increase of 36.1%, accounting for 9.8%.
(4) Electrical and electronic products are still the main export products, and the export of instrumentation and metal products is growing rapidly. In the first half of this year, Fujian's exports of electrical and electronic products reached US$ 5.86 billion, an increase of 51.8%, accounting for 43.6% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province during the same period. In addition, machinery and equipment exports reached 2.37 billion US dollars, an increase of 1.4%, accounting for 17.7%; instrument and instrument exports of 1.9 billion US dollars, an increase of 81.3%, accounting for 14.1%.
Second, the main reason for the growth of mechanical and electrical products exports this year
(1) Governments at all levels actively increase policy support. In order to eliminate the impact of the economic crisis on China's mechanical and electrical products export industry, various government policies from the state to the local government have introduced a variety of policies and measures to encourage foreign trade, investment and stimulate domestic demand. At the national level, China has raised the export tax rebate rate for electromechanical products several times since the end of 2008. At present, 70% of the export of electromechanical products has achieved “full levyâ€. The increase in export tax rebate rate has reduced the cost of enterprises, enabling enterprises to free up more funds for production and research and development, and has promoted the development of the mechanical and electrical products industry. At the same time, the government has made efforts in many aspects such as domestic sales of processing trade and improved customs clearance efficiency to help enterprises tide over the difficulties. Local governments at all levels are also actively exploring new initiatives to build a variety of information platforms for enterprises, improve the level of information services and further improve the intellectual property protection system to help enterprises complete industrial upgrading and transformation as soon as possible.
(2) The main market demand is showing a warming trend. The traditional main markets for the export of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian are the United States, the European Union, Japan and Hong Kong. The demand for electromechanical products in these countries or regions has experienced a significant decline due to the economic crisis. With the signs of recovery in the major economies of the world gradually clear, the main market demand has been restored. At present, in addition to the obvious recovery in the Japanese market due to the domestic economic gloom, Fujian's exports to the US, Europe and Hong Kong markets have recovered. Stimulated by the economic recovery, overseas dealers began to increase procurement efforts to replenish stocks. At the same time, concerns about exchange rate changes and rising raw material prices further prompted them to increase their stocking capacity.
(3) The development of emerging markets has achieved great results. In the economic crisis, although the export volume of mechanical and electrical products of Fujian Province to the traditional market declined by a large margin, emerging markets such as Latin America and Africa have not been significantly affected, especially the growth rate of exports to the Latin American market. In the first half of this year, Fujian's mechanical and electrical products exported 1.13 billion US dollars to Latin America, an increase of 1.1 times.
Third, the current problems faced by the export of mechanical and electrical products
First, trade remedy measures have emerged in large numbers. With the continuous expansion of the international market share of China's mechanical and electrical products, foreign trade remedies such as anti-dumping, counter-subsidy, safeguard measures and special safeguard measures have been greatly increased, and the varieties of “two anti-two guarantees†have been increasing and launched. The main body has a tendency to spread from developed to developing countries. At the same time, the developed economies represented by the EU have begun to establish strict technical performance standards and industry quality standards based on their own technological advantages, greatly increasing the threshold for the export of mechanical and electrical products. The most important of these is the revision of the “Double Green Directive†(RoHS and WEEE), which improves the recycling rate of waste electrical and electronic equipment, incorporates medical devices and monitoring and control equipment into the scope of the RoHS Directive, and requires RoHS-compliant products. Uniformly attach the CE mark. The "green barriers" set up by the EU will undoubtedly cause China's electromechanical production enterprises to face enormous pressures such as rising costs and technological transformation.
Second, domestic production costs continue to rise. In recent years, the cost of labor in the eastern coastal areas, which is the key base for China's electromechanical exports, has been rising, and the “labor shortage†has often been seen. The demographic dividend that depends on the development of the reform and opening up is expected to end in recent years, and the advantage of low labor prices in China's manufacturing industry will rapidly decline or even disappear. At the same time, the high prices of upstream raw materials such as iron ore and the pressure on foreign buyers are also squeezing the profit margins of electromechanical manufacturing companies. These factors will have a negative impact on the export of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province.
First, the main features of Fujian's mechanical and electrical products exports in the first half of this year
(1) Processing trade goes hand in hand with general trade. In the first half of this year, Fujian Province exported 7.94 billion US dollars of mechanical and electrical products by processing trade, an increase of 38.5%, accounting for 59.1% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province in the same period; general trade exports were US$4.56 billion, up 40.1%, accounting for 33.9%.
(2) The export share of foreign-invested enterprises still accounts for an absolute majority, and the export of private enterprises and state-owned enterprises has shown a large increase. In the first half of this year, Fujian's foreign-invested enterprises exported 9.79 billion US dollars of mechanical and electrical products, an increase of 35.4%, accounting for 72.8% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province during the same period. In addition, private enterprises exported 2.26 billion US dollars, an increase of 66.5%, accounting for 16.8%; state-owned enterprises exported 1.15 billion US dollars, an increase of 42.7%, accounting for 8.5%.
(3) Mainly exported to the United States, the European Union and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. In the first half of this year, Fujian Province exported 2.99 billion US dollars of mechanical and electrical products to the United States, an increase of 46.4%, accounting for 22.3% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province in the same period; exports to the EU reached 2.66 billion US dollars, an increase of 41.2%, accounting for 19.8%; exports to ASEAN 1.32 billion US dollars, an increase of 36.1%, accounting for 9.8%.
(4) Electrical and electronic products are still the main export products, and the export of instrumentation and metal products is growing rapidly. In the first half of this year, Fujian's exports of electrical and electronic products reached US$ 5.86 billion, an increase of 51.8%, accounting for 43.6% of the total export value of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province during the same period. In addition, machinery and equipment exports reached 2.37 billion US dollars, an increase of 1.4%, accounting for 17.7%; instrument and instrument exports of 1.9 billion US dollars, an increase of 81.3%, accounting for 14.1%.
Second, the main reason for the growth of mechanical and electrical products exports this year
(1) Governments at all levels actively increase policy support. In order to eliminate the impact of the economic crisis on China's mechanical and electrical products export industry, various government policies from the state to the local government have introduced a variety of policies and measures to encourage foreign trade, investment and stimulate domestic demand. At the national level, China has raised the export tax rebate rate for electromechanical products several times since the end of 2008. At present, 70% of the export of electromechanical products has achieved “full levyâ€. The increase in export tax rebate rate has reduced the cost of enterprises, enabling enterprises to free up more funds for production and research and development, and has promoted the development of the mechanical and electrical products industry. At the same time, the government has made efforts in many aspects such as domestic sales of processing trade and improved customs clearance efficiency to help enterprises tide over the difficulties. Local governments at all levels are also actively exploring new initiatives to build a variety of information platforms for enterprises, improve the level of information services and further improve the intellectual property protection system to help enterprises complete industrial upgrading and transformation as soon as possible.
(2) The main market demand is showing a warming trend. The traditional main markets for the export of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian are the United States, the European Union, Japan and Hong Kong. The demand for electromechanical products in these countries or regions has experienced a significant decline due to the economic crisis. With the signs of recovery in the major economies of the world gradually clear, the main market demand has been restored. At present, in addition to the obvious recovery in the Japanese market due to the domestic economic gloom, Fujian's exports to the US, Europe and Hong Kong markets have recovered. Stimulated by the economic recovery, overseas dealers began to increase procurement efforts to replenish stocks. At the same time, concerns about exchange rate changes and rising raw material prices further prompted them to increase their stocking capacity.
(3) The development of emerging markets has achieved great results. In the economic crisis, although the export volume of mechanical and electrical products of Fujian Province to the traditional market declined by a large margin, emerging markets such as Latin America and Africa have not been significantly affected, especially the growth rate of exports to the Latin American market. In the first half of this year, Fujian's mechanical and electrical products exported 1.13 billion US dollars to Latin America, an increase of 1.1 times.
Third, the current problems faced by the export of mechanical and electrical products
First, trade remedy measures have emerged in large numbers. With the continuous expansion of the international market share of China's mechanical and electrical products, foreign trade remedies such as anti-dumping, counter-subsidy, safeguard measures and special safeguard measures have been greatly increased, and the varieties of “two anti-two guarantees†have been increasing and launched. The main body has a tendency to spread from developed to developing countries. At the same time, the developed economies represented by the EU have begun to establish strict technical performance standards and industry quality standards based on their own technological advantages, greatly increasing the threshold for the export of mechanical and electrical products. The most important of these is the revision of the “Double Green Directive†(RoHS and WEEE), which improves the recycling rate of waste electrical and electronic equipment, incorporates medical devices and monitoring and control equipment into the scope of the RoHS Directive, and requires RoHS-compliant products. Uniformly attach the CE mark. The "green barriers" set up by the EU will undoubtedly cause China's electromechanical production enterprises to face enormous pressures such as rising costs and technological transformation.
Second, domestic production costs continue to rise. In recent years, the cost of labor in the eastern coastal areas, which is the key base for China's electromechanical exports, has been rising, and the “labor shortage†has often been seen. The demographic dividend that depends on the development of the reform and opening up is expected to end in recent years, and the advantage of low labor prices in China's manufacturing industry will rapidly decline or even disappear. At the same time, the high prices of upstream raw materials such as iron ore and the pressure on foreign buyers are also squeezing the profit margins of electromechanical manufacturing companies. These factors will have a negative impact on the export of mechanical and electrical products in Fujian Province.
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