In recent years, smog has become a growing concern, prompting a surge in demand for various types of protective masks, including medical, industrial, and consumer-grade masks. These products have seen increased sales in both physical pharmacies and online marketplaces. However, the question remains: which mask can truly protect against smog? So far, there is no clear consensus. Some manufacturers have started making bold claims, leading to public confusion. Industry experts are calling for the development of national standards for civilian masks to bring clarity to the market.
The rise in foggy days has significantly boosted the mask industry. In 2013, smog affected 25 provinces, with an average of 30 haze days—up by 10.3 days compared to previous years, marking the highest level in 52 years. Even southern regions that previously enjoyed good air quality were hit by frequent smog events. According to meteorological data, Jiangsu and Zhejiang saw the most haze days in 2013, with December alone experiencing two major smog episodes, exceeding the same period by over 10 days. During the “two sessions†in 28 provinces, addressing smog became a top priority.
As air pollution worsened, public awareness of respiratory protection increased, making PM 2.5 protective masks popular. Online shopping platforms reported a surge in searches for terms like "PM 2.5 masks" and "haze-proof masks." The market now offers a wide range of options, from filter-cartridge masks to activated carbon masks, N95, and KN90 models.
According to online shopping data, consumers spent 8.7 billion yuan on protective products and indoor sports goods in 2013, purchasing 4.5 million units. The mask market experienced explosive growth, with Tmall and Taobao reporting increases of 181% and 131%, respectively, compared to 2012.
Green Shield, a domestic mask brand, gained popularity due to its claim of using antibacterial fiber and a multi-layer filter to block PM 2.5 particles and harmful bacteria. In 2013, Green Shield’s mask shipments reached 6.5 million, with a retail value of 210 million yuan—4.3 times higher than in 2012. On Singles' Day, daily sales hit 1.29 million yuan, and on December 5, it reached 2.3 million yuan, ranking third in Tmall's household products category. Offline sales figures are not included in these numbers.
However, some concerns have been raised about the safety of industrial masks. A TV program tested various masks, including Green Shield models, and found that only N95 and KN90 masks effectively filtered PM 2.5, while activated carbon and filter masks did little. This led to criticism from Green Shield’s CEO, who claimed the test was biased and questioned the relationship between the testing company and mask manufacturers.
In response, Tmall required masks sold on its platform to meet Chinese GB 2626, U.S. NIOSH N95, or EU EN 149 standards. However, Green Shield argues that these standards apply to industrial masks, not everyday use. They point out that industrial masks can cause discomfort due to poor breathability and may even harbor bacteria if moisture accumulates inside.
Currently, China lacks national standards for civilian masks, leaving consumers confused. Many people, including children and pregnant women, end up using industrial masks, which may not be suitable for them. While some companies have developed their own standards, they remain limited in scope.
Without clear guidelines, it is difficult for consumers to know which masks are best suited for their needs. Research on this topic is still lacking in China. Globally, no universal standard exists for civilian masks either, further complicating the situation.
Despite the lack of regulation, some companies are working to establish industry norms. For example, Kanglun Fiber introduced a corporate standard for anti-bacterial masks in 2012, but it remains non-mandatory and has limited influence.
As smog continues to affect daily life, the need for clear, reliable information on mask effectiveness becomes more urgent. Until national standards are established, consumers will continue to face uncertainty in choosing the right protection.
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