Jade with collectible value:
**Emerald**
When examining the polished surface of natural jade, you’ll notice a fine and smooth texture with a strong glassy luster that has a slight oily sheen. Under close inspection, you can often see a complex, mottled structure resembling a piebald pattern. In genuine emerald, the phenocryst particles are usually uniform in size. Additionally, you may spot small, fibrous white crystals known as "stone flowers," which range from semi-transparent to opaque.
Another way to identify real jade is by listening to the sound it makes when tapped gently. Natural jade produces a clear, crisp, and slightly sweet sound. On the other hand, if the jade is artificially treated or fake, it will produce a dull, lifeless sound.
Furthermore, jadeite has a high density, so when you rub it in your hand, it feels heavy and solid. If you drop a few drops of water on its surface, the water will bead up and remain elevated for a moment due to its strong water retention properties.
**Hetian Jade**
Hetian jade is known for its weight and density, with a specific gravity ranging between 2.9 and 3.1. When held up to a light source, it is generally translucent to the naked eye. You can even see the shadow of your finger through the back of the stone. However, fake Hetian jade tends to look murky and unclear under light.
A practical method to test authenticity is using a small knife to lightly scratch the surface. If the jade doesn’t show any signs of wear, it’s likely genuine. If it scratches easily, it's probably a counterfeit. Also, fake Hetian jade often appears frosted after being polished, with visible tool marks on the surface. Natural Hetian jade does not have "sweat pores" or "small sand eyes."
**Dushan Jade**
Dushan jade differs from other types of jade in its mineral composition and structure. It consists of multiple minerals and exhibits a wide range of colors, including white, green, black, yellow, brown, and red. The white components often include plagioclase and zoisite, while green minerals like chrome mica, diopside, and hornblende contribute to its vibrant hues. Black minerals such as biotite and various other minerals create intricate patterns like plaques, beans, stripes, and bands. Some areas may resemble white cauliflower, green tofu, or black speckles.
The color variation in Dushan jade is quite diverse, especially in Nanyang green jade, which often contains more yellow and black tones. When examined under a magnifying glass, Dushan jade displays a granular structure, with green minerals appearing in flaky shapes rather than the fibrous interwoven structures found in other jades. The "jade flower spots" are small transparent green crystals, and the green minerals in Dushan jade are typically flaky chrome mica, making it distinct from other varieties.
In terms of physical properties, Dushan jade has a relative density of 2.73–3.18 and a Mohs hardness of 6–6.5, which is lower than that of jadeite. Its luster is waxy or greasy, unlike the glassy and pearly luster of jadeite.
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