First, it's best to avoid applying fertilizers separately. The optimal approach is to first apply organic fertilizer, followed by a balanced application of urea, superphosphate, and potassium chloride according to the crop's specific needs. This ensures better nutrient availability and reduces the risk of nutrient loss.
Second, never mix urea with ammonium bicarbonate. When combined, this mixture significantly slows down the conversion of urea into ammonia, leading to reduced efficiency and potential nitrogen loss through volatilization. This can result in wasted fertilizer and lower crop yields.
Third, avoid surface application of urea. When applied directly to the soil surface, urea takes about 4 to 5 days to convert into ammonia at room temperature. However, during this process, a large portion of the nitrogen is lost through volatilization, and the overall nutrient uptake by crops is only around 30%, which is quite low.
Fourth, don't water immediately after applying urea. Urea is an amide-based nitrogen fertilizer that must be converted into ammonia before plants can absorb it. If irrigation is done right after application or if heavy rain occurs shortly after, the urea may be washed away or leached, reducing its effectiveness and causing environmental concerns.
In addition, it's important to consider soil moisture levels and weather conditions when applying urea. Applying it when the soil is moist can help speed up the conversion process and improve nutrient retention. Also, using a nitrification inhibitor can further reduce nitrogen loss and enhance fertilizer efficiency. Always follow local agricultural guidelines and consult with experts if unsure about the best application practices for your specific crop and soil type.
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