As the expectation of the reduction in the price of photovoltaic electricity continues to be clear, the application of the tracking support has shown an explosive growth due to its high cost performance. It seems that the spring of the photovoltaic tracking system is approaching.
In this paper, we firstly classify the tracked stents, combine the actual operation of the tracked stents of several typical power stations, and put forward some suggestions for the development of tracking stents.
In 2014, PV tracking support was used in some large-scale PV power plants in China. According to Li Jun, deputy secretary-general of the China Solar Tracking System Industry Alliance, according to incomplete statistics, the domestic tracking bracket bidding amount in 2015 reached 1.2GW.
The global PV tracking market reached 2GW in 2014 and will total 30GW to 40GW in 2020. China's tracker market also experienced an outbreak in 2015. It is expected to reach 500MW installation capacity and it is expected to surge to 1.5GW installation capacity in 2016.
This article will first describe the working principle and classification of the tracking bracket, and then combine the actual operation of some photovoltaic power plants. Suggests the use of tracking stents.
First, the basic principle and classification of tracking system
Photovoltaic tracking system is used to assist PV modules to accurately track solar energy and improve solar energy utilization.
There are now two types of solar tracking technology. One is the optical detection technology, which uses optical detection sensors to monitor the direction of the sun's movement to control the operation of the support system to track the sun. There is also a method of controlling the stent by calculating the trajectory of the sun.
The tracking system can be divided into the number of axes tracked and can be divided into two kinds of single-axis tracking and two-axis tracking.
The uniaxial tracking classification is more complex, mainly divided into azimuth single axis tracking (NS axis) and pitch angle single axis tracking (ES axis). According to whether the bracket has tilt, tilt and flat single-axis tracking system;
According to the control of the tracking bracket: single-unit, linkage type. The above various ways will form a variety of single-axis tracking systems. (Note: There is generally no ES axis single-axis tracking system with a tilt angle)
For example, a single-axis tracking system is named: tilt single-axis tracking system (NS axis, single type)
Two-axis tracking can be divided into pitch-azimuth tracking and polar tracking.
The tracking support system generally includes a power section (motor drive, hydraulic drive, etc.), a reduction section, and a rotation section. The reliability, maintainability, and maintenance cost of the system are taken into consideration in the design of the support.
Second, the typical case of the program process and status quo
This chapter deals with the case of a photovoltaic power station that was earlier equipped with a tracking system in the country (the follow-up will be based on some cases and operating conditions provided by some colleagues to illustrate the tracking system in the past two years):
(I) "Gansu Dunhuang 10MW Photovoltaic Grid-connected Power Generation Concession Demonstration Project"
Project 10MWp adopts flat single axis tracking support (NS axis, single type);
This power plant is the first bidding concession project of the National Energy Administration. The power station was partially put into operation at the end of 2009 and completed in April 2010. From 2010 to 2013, the power station operated well and the power generation reached the expected value. At the design stage of the power station, the owner was based on the investigation of the technology at the time: a flat single-axis bracket was used. At the time when there were fewer domestic manufacturers of tracking fixtures, the tendering model of “equipment + full-life-time maintenance†was adopted in the detailed design stage and the tendering stage, which imposed constraints on the post-maintenance of the stent equipment vendors. The main parameters are as follows:
1) Ambient temperature: -25°C～+40°C;
2) Altitude: 1200m;
3) Maximum wind speed: 14m/s; (after taking protective action, it should be able to resist extreme wind speeds of 42m/s)
4) The service life under normal conditions shall not be less than 25 years. The availability of the entire horizontal single-axis tracking system shall be at least 99.9%.
5) Horizontal single-axis tracking system protection action in harsh climate (such as: strong wind, hail, etc.)
6) The characteristics of the region with drought and sandstorm in Northwest China proposes how to prevent mechanical rotation of the horizontal single-axis tracking system and measures against jamming and aging of the transmission components in the case of wind and sand.
......and many more.
Up to now, in the actual operation of photovoltaic power plants, equipment suppliers perform better. The on-site resident equipment maintenance personnel basically ensure the stable operation of the power station.
(II) XX Solar Grid-connected Photovoltaic Power Plant (1 District)
Among them, 5MWp is inclined single-axis tracking support (non-optimal angle tilt single axis, NS axis, single type), and put into production in July 2010;
(3) XX solar grid-connected photovoltaic power station (second district)
Including 0.1MWp horizontal single-axis tracking (NS axis, linkage type) stent, 0.1MWp oblique single-axis tracking support, 0.1MWp dual-axis tracking support, put into production in May 2010;
For the above two projects, detailed design work began in early 2009.
All of the original plans in the first quarter were to use inclined single-axis tracking brackets for comprehensive technical advice, local land prices, and the level of equipment manufacturing at that time. At the construction drawing stage, 50% use diagonal single-axis tracking brackets.
In the second district project, the investor conducted field research on the tracking support manufacturers and their experimental cases in the domestic market at the time in May 2009, and combined the recommendations of the “Special Scientific Research Plan†in the previous “Feasibility Study†design: only for various types of The stent is experimentally tried.
When the above two projects organize equipment tenders, the equipment parameters are basically the same as the requirements in the project (I). The main difference is that the southwestern region considers the topographical factors, landforms, and climate characteristics.
The tracking support operation in the first area did not achieve the expected results. Due to the complex topography and geomorphology, the current tracking support operation is not ideal.
The pre-operation status of the tracking support in the second zone is good. At present, except for horizontal single-axis tracking, which continues to perform well, the rest of the work status is poor. The pre-platform work status is good. At present, except for the horizontal single-axis tracking, which continues to perform well, the rest of the work status is not ideal.
(4) XX Photovoltaic Grid-connected Power Station
About 7kW of double-axis tracking support (CPV) was put into operation in 2012.
The CPV power station has involved many from the beginning of the large-scale construction of photovoltaic power stations in China. However, there are few large-scale applications, especially after the current sharp drop in the prices of photovoltaic modules. Few practical projects have been put into operation.
The dual-axis tracking system involved in this project's 7kW dual-axis tracking support (CPV) has been in operation since the system was put into operation. Its actual power generation is not ideal.
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