At present, there are 10 main types of farmland water-saving technologies in China:
Cultivated land to organize water-saving technology. Leveling the land, unblocking irrigation and drainage, and constructing water and water storage facilities such as ponds, ponds, pits, rafts, reservoirs and dikes are the basic conditions for ensuring the implementation of water-saving irrigation, and have been widely recognized by farmers.
Reduce the technology of ploughing and water conservation. It can increase the infiltration depth and water storage capacity and reduce water loss by adopting the methods of “slowing and ploughingâ€, “spinning and cultivatingâ€, “high-till and no-tillage†and “post-till and no-tillâ€.
Water saving irrigation technology. At present, the main applications in the production are furrow irrigation, furrow irrigation, low-pressure pipe irrigation, drip irrigation, seepage irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and micro-spraying. For example, sprinkler irrigation can save 50% of water, micro-irrigation can save water by 60% to 70%, and drip irrigation and seepage can save more than 80% of water.
Biological and chemical preparation water retention technology. In recent years, China has developed a variety of biological and chemical, organic and inorganic drought-resistant and water-retaining agents, water transpiration inhibitors, etc., and promoted and applied in dry farming and water-saving agriculture.
Plastic film covering and straw covering water retention technology. These two types of coverage have a large application area in China and have achieved remarkable results. The main function is to greatly reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and enhance the water storage and water retention performance of cultivated land.
Water saving planting technology. This type of technology is more common in the arid regions of the North. Such as: corn point water hole sowing (sitting water point species); rice dry cultivation and thin planting; wheat film side ditch sowing. Some crops use "the autumn mulch of the year, and the next spring will be planted".
Water and fertilizer integrated control water-saving technology. From a single watering to a nutrient solution, the fertilizer goes with the water. Turning water into a "complex water solvent" for crops not only reduces the number of field operations, but also saves agricultural production costs and improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizer and water.
Membrane drip irrigation water saving mode. This is a model created by the combination of mulching cultivation technology and drip irrigation technology in the farmland unit of Shihezi City, Xinjiang. It allows the drip irrigation water to uniformly and regularly infiltrate the root development area of ​​the crop.
Rainwater storage irrigation mode. It is mainly applied in the drought and flood farming areas on the Loess Plateau in the northwest. It is mainly composed of rain collecting field, sewer, filter tank, water storage raft, water pump and water pipe.
Drought-resistant varieties and dry farming techniques. At present, the drought resistance performance of the main varieties promoted in the north has been greatly improved compared with the past. Corn, wheat, beans, potatoes, miscellaneous grains, cotton and linen, oil and sugar crops and fruit trees all have a number of high-resistance varieties.
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