According to a report from China National Defense Science and Technology Information Network, researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have succeeded in adding a fourth dimension to their printing technology for the manufacture and use of adaptive composite materials for manufacturing, packaging and biomedical applications. Bring possibilities.
The research team was led by H. Jerici, an associate professor at the School of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He and his partner, Martin L. Dunn from the University of Science and Technology in Singapore, have developed a 4D printing method. It was tested. These researchers added “shape memory†polymeric fibers to the composites used in traditional 3D printing to produce a fixed object in a shape that will later translate into a new shape.
Dunne, a former member of the Colorado School of Mechanical Engineering Boulder School of Mechanical Engineering, said, "In this work, the initial configuration was created by 3D printing, and then the time associated with the configuration actions of the shape memory fibers was created - the 4D aspect." Dunn has been studying the mechanics and physics of composite materials for more than 20 years.
The concept of 4D printing was first proposed by the MIT Skyler Tibbitz in April 2013, allowing materials to "self-assemble" into a 3D structure. Tiebitz and his team combined the “smart†material generation layer with a plastic that can “self-assemble†in water.
Dunn said, “We have advanced this concept by creating composites that can be deformed into many different complex shapes based on a different physical mechanism. Shape changes are needed to produce composites using shape memory polymer fibers. The secret is how to design the fabric's architecture, including its location, orientation and other factors.â€
These results from the University of Colorado Boulder team were published last month in the journal Applied Physics Letters.
Jerici said that "the most attractive thing is that these shapes are defined at the design stage, and these could not have been achieved in previous years."
The team demonstrated how the orientation and position of fibers in composites determine the effect of shape memory, such as folding, curling, stretching, or twisting. These researchers also demonstrated the ability to control these effects by heating or cooling these composites.
Jerici said that 3D printing technology has experienced more than 30 years of development. This technology has only recently come to this stage. When the target is subjected to thermal and mechanical thrust, reactive fibers can be incorporated into the composite material in order to provide predictable control of its behavior.
This technology can bring exciting possibilities for various applications. Jerici stated that solar cells or similar products can be produced in a planar configuration where functional devices can be easily installed. Subsequently, it will be converted into a compact shape for packaging and shipping. After reaching the destination, the product will be activated to create a different shape that can be optimized for function.
Earlier this month, the U.S. Army Research Office also announced that they had awarded three researchers at a university $855,000 in funding for the development of 4D materials and hoped to make this technology a reality. To change the structure of automotive coatings to adapt to wet or alkaline roads, to better protect the car from corrosion; or to change soldiers disguised uniforms or to more effectively prevent toxic gases or shrapnel contact, a press release on these concepts I made a joke.
As 3D printing technology matures, with more printable materials and higher resolution on a larger scale, researchers should help provide a new way to create reversible or tunable 3D surfaces in the engineering field. And entities, such as complex shaped composite enclosures for cars, airplanes, and antennas. (Song Wenwen)
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