First, the classification of profiles
1. Simple section steel 1 square steel - hot-rolled square steel, cold-drawn square steel;
2 Round steel - hot rolled round steel, forged round steel, cold drawn round steel;
3 wire;
4 flat steel;
5 spring flat steel;
6 angle steel - equal angle steel, unequal angle steel;
7 triangular steel;
8 hexagonal steel;
9 bow steel
10 elliptical steel.
2. Complex section steel 1 I-beam - ordinary I-beam, light I-beam 2 channel - hot-rolled channel (common channel steel, light channel steel), curved channel steel 3H beam (also known as wide-leg I-beam )
4 Rails - heavy rails, light rails, crane rails, other special rails 5 window frame steel 6 steel sheet piles 7 curved steel - cold-formed steel, hot-formed steel 8 other
Second, the division of large, medium and small sections in steel
Large medium-sized small I-beam high ≥180mm high <180mm
Channel height ≥180mm high<180mm
Equal angle steel edge width ≥ 160mm Side width 50-140mm Side width 20-45mm
Unequal angle steel edge width ≥ 160 × 100mm Side width 140 × 90-50 × 32 mm Side width ≤ 45 × 28 mm
Round steel diameter ≥90mm Diameter 38-80mm Diameter 10-36 mm
Square steel side width ≥90mm Side width 50-75 mm Side width 10-25 mm
Flat steel width ≥120mm Width 60-100 mm Width 12-55 mm
Rebar diameter ≥40 mm diameter 10-36 mm
Rivet steel diameter 10-22 mm
Other special-shaped steels: special-shaped steels such as track shoes and steel sheet piles, compound flat steels for small farm tools, special-shaped steels, agricultural implement steels, window frame steels, etc.
Third, hot rolled ribbed steel
1. The specifications of hot-rolled ribbed steel bars of different specifications consist of the minimum yield point of HRB and the brand. H, R, and B are the English first letters of Hotrolled, Ribbed, and Bars. Hot rolled ribbed steel bars are divided into HRB335 (old 20MnSi), HRB400 (old 20MnSiV, 20MnSiNb, 20MnTi), HRB500 three brands.
2. The market prospect of vanadium-containing III-level rebar rebar 1 containing vanadium-III grade rebar is bright. The new vanadium-containing III grade rebars (20MnSiV, 400Mpa) are alloyed with vanadium, niobium, titanium and other alloys in the production process, compared with common grade II rebars. , Has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, good welding performance and seismic performance. In the developed markets of Europe and other developed countries, Grade III rebar accounts for 80% of the total rebar. For countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, etc., the use of high-strength vanadium-III grade steel bars has reached 80-90%. In 1995, the former Ministry of Metallurgy and the Ministry of Construction jointly issued a document to promote the application of the new III grade rebar technology into the national standard GBJ10-89 "Concrete Structural Design Code", implemented since January 1, 1997, and now Grade III rebar has been successfully used in high-rise buildings, large-scale power plants, bridges, tunnels, airports and other engineering projects, and has a promising market prospect. The Ministry of Construction requires that the amount of new Grade III steel bars in 2002 be up to 50% of the total amount of rebar, and 80% at the end of the 10th Five-year Plan. However, due to inadequate publicity and promotion, the amount of use is still much lower than the old class II 335Mpa ordinary grade rebar, so it is also necessary to vigorously promote and promote the new grade III threaded rebar.
2 Advantages of vanadium-grade III-grade threaded steel bars A. Economics: Due to its high strength, the use of new grade III steel bars can save 10-15% of steel compared to grade II steel bars, thus reducing construction costs.
B, high strength, good toughness: the use of micro-alloying, the yield point in the 400Mpa above, tensile strength 570Mpa above, respectively, compared with the level II rebar increase 20%.
C. Seismic resistance: The vanadium-containing rebar has high bending resistance, aging performance, high low-cycle fatigue performance, and its seismic performance is significantly better than that of the grade II rebar.
D, easy to weld: As the carbon content ≤ 0.54%, welding performance, adapt to a variety of welding methods, the process is simple and convenient.
E. Convenient construction: The use of new grade III rebar has increased the construction clearance, providing a guarantee for construction convenience and construction quality.
Fourth, hot-rolled H-beam 1. Hot rolled H-beam representation.
H-beams are divided into three categories: wide Flange H-beam (HK), narrow flange H-beam (HZ) and H-beam pile (HU). The expression method is: height H×width B×web thickness t1×flane thickness t2, such as H-beam Q235, SS400 200×200×8×12, which is 200mm in height, 200mm in width, 8mm in web thickness, and 12mm in thickness Wide flanged H-beam, grade Q235 or SS400.
2. Advantages of hot-rolled H-beams H-beams are a new type of steel for economic construction.
The shape of the H-section steel is economical and reasonable, and its mechanical properties are good. In the rolling, the points on the section are evenly distributed and the internal stress is small. Compared with ordinary I-beams, the H-section steel has the advantages of large section modulus, light weight, and metal-saving advantages. The structure is reduced by 30-40%; because the legs are parallel inside and outside, the leg ends are right angles, and the components are assembled and assembled to save welding and riveting workload by 25%. It is commonly used in large buildings (such as factory buildings, high-rise buildings, etc.) that require large bearing capacity, good section stability, and bridges, ships, lifting and transport machinery, equipment foundations, supports, and foundation piles.
Fifth, cold-formed steel cold-formed steel is an economical light-weight thin-walled steel, also known as steel refrigerated profile or cold-formed profile. It is a section steel of various cross-sectional shapes made by hot-rolling or cold-rolled strip blanks. Cold-formed steel has the following characteristics:
1. The section is economically reasonable and saves materials. The cross-section shape of the cold-formed steel can be designed according to needs, and the structure is reasonable. The section modulus of the unit weight is higher than that of the hot-rolled section steel. Under the same load, the weight of the components can be reduced and materials can be saved. Cold-formed steel is used to save 38-50% of the metal in comparable architectural hot-rolled steel structures and 15-60% in metal for agricultural machinery and vehicles. Facilitate construction and reduce overall costs.
2. With a wide variety of products, it is possible to produce a wide variety of sections and various types of cold-formed steel with uniform wall thickness and complex cross-section shapes that are difficult to produce by ordinary hot rolling methods.
3. The product surface is smooth and clean, the appearance is good, the size is accurate, and the length can also be flexibly adjusted according to the need. All products are supplied according to a fixed length or multiple feet to improve the utilization of the material.
4. Production can also be combined with punching and other processes to meet different needs.
There are many types of cold-formed steels, from cross-sectional shape, with open, semi-closed and closed, the main products are cold-formed channel steel, angle steel, z-shaped steel, cold-formed steel plate, square tube, rectangular tube, special shaped steel welding, rolling shutter door Wait. The cold-formed steel that is usually produced has a thickness of 6 mm or less and a width of 500 mm or less. Products are widely used in mining, construction, agricultural machinery, transportation, bridges, petrochemicals, light industry, electronics and other industries.
The points to consider are as follows:
1. Simple section steel 1 square steel - hot-rolled square steel, cold-drawn square steel;
2 Round steel - hot rolled round steel, forged round steel, cold drawn round steel;
3 wire;
4 flat steel;
5 spring flat steel;
6 angle steel - equal angle steel, unequal angle steel;
7 triangular steel;
8 hexagonal steel;
9 bow steel
10 elliptical steel.
2. Complex section steel 1 I-beam - ordinary I-beam, light I-beam 2 channel - hot-rolled channel (common channel steel, light channel steel), curved channel steel 3H beam (also known as wide-leg I-beam )
4 Rails - heavy rails, light rails, crane rails, other special rails 5 window frame steel 6 steel sheet piles 7 curved steel - cold-formed steel, hot-formed steel 8 other
Second, the division of large, medium and small sections in steel
Large medium-sized small I-beam high ≥180mm high <180mm
Channel height ≥180mm high<180mm
Equal angle steel edge width ≥ 160mm Side width 50-140mm Side width 20-45mm
Unequal angle steel edge width ≥ 160 × 100mm Side width 140 × 90-50 × 32 mm Side width ≤ 45 × 28 mm
Round steel diameter ≥90mm Diameter 38-80mm Diameter 10-36 mm
Square steel side width ≥90mm Side width 50-75 mm Side width 10-25 mm
Flat steel width ≥120mm Width 60-100 mm Width 12-55 mm
Rebar diameter ≥40 mm diameter 10-36 mm
Rivet steel diameter 10-22 mm
Other special-shaped steels: special-shaped steels such as track shoes and steel sheet piles, compound flat steels for small farm tools, special-shaped steels, agricultural implement steels, window frame steels, etc.
Third, hot rolled ribbed steel
1. The specifications of hot-rolled ribbed steel bars of different specifications consist of the minimum yield point of HRB and the brand. H, R, and B are the English first letters of Hotrolled, Ribbed, and Bars. Hot rolled ribbed steel bars are divided into HRB335 (old 20MnSi), HRB400 (old 20MnSiV, 20MnSiNb, 20MnTi), HRB500 three brands.
2. The market prospect of vanadium-containing III-level rebar rebar 1 containing vanadium-III grade rebar is bright. The new vanadium-containing III grade rebars (20MnSiV, 400Mpa) are alloyed with vanadium, niobium, titanium and other alloys in the production process, compared with common grade II rebars. , Has the advantages of high strength, good toughness, good welding performance and seismic performance. In the developed markets of Europe and other developed countries, Grade III rebar accounts for 80% of the total rebar. For countries such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, etc., the use of high-strength vanadium-III grade steel bars has reached 80-90%. In 1995, the former Ministry of Metallurgy and the Ministry of Construction jointly issued a document to promote the application of the new III grade rebar technology into the national standard GBJ10-89 "Concrete Structural Design Code", implemented since January 1, 1997, and now Grade III rebar has been successfully used in high-rise buildings, large-scale power plants, bridges, tunnels, airports and other engineering projects, and has a promising market prospect. The Ministry of Construction requires that the amount of new Grade III steel bars in 2002 be up to 50% of the total amount of rebar, and 80% at the end of the 10th Five-year Plan. However, due to inadequate publicity and promotion, the amount of use is still much lower than the old class II 335Mpa ordinary grade rebar, so it is also necessary to vigorously promote and promote the new grade III threaded rebar.
2 Advantages of vanadium-grade III-grade threaded steel bars A. Economics: Due to its high strength, the use of new grade III steel bars can save 10-15% of steel compared to grade II steel bars, thus reducing construction costs.
B, high strength, good toughness: the use of micro-alloying, the yield point in the 400Mpa above, tensile strength 570Mpa above, respectively, compared with the level II rebar increase 20%.
C. Seismic resistance: The vanadium-containing rebar has high bending resistance, aging performance, high low-cycle fatigue performance, and its seismic performance is significantly better than that of the grade II rebar.
D, easy to weld: As the carbon content ≤ 0.54%, welding performance, adapt to a variety of welding methods, the process is simple and convenient.
E. Convenient construction: The use of new grade III rebar has increased the construction clearance, providing a guarantee for construction convenience and construction quality.
Fourth, hot-rolled H-beam 1. Hot rolled H-beam representation.
H-beams are divided into three categories: wide Flange H-beam (HK), narrow flange H-beam (HZ) and H-beam pile (HU). The expression method is: height H×width B×web thickness t1×flane thickness t2, such as H-beam Q235, SS400 200×200×8×12, which is 200mm in height, 200mm in width, 8mm in web thickness, and 12mm in thickness Wide flanged H-beam, grade Q235 or SS400.
2. Advantages of hot-rolled H-beams H-beams are a new type of steel for economic construction.
The shape of the H-section steel is economical and reasonable, and its mechanical properties are good. In the rolling, the points on the section are evenly distributed and the internal stress is small. Compared with ordinary I-beams, the H-section steel has the advantages of large section modulus, light weight, and metal-saving advantages. The structure is reduced by 30-40%; because the legs are parallel inside and outside, the leg ends are right angles, and the components are assembled and assembled to save welding and riveting workload by 25%. It is commonly used in large buildings (such as factory buildings, high-rise buildings, etc.) that require large bearing capacity, good section stability, and bridges, ships, lifting and transport machinery, equipment foundations, supports, and foundation piles.
Fifth, cold-formed steel cold-formed steel is an economical light-weight thin-walled steel, also known as steel refrigerated profile or cold-formed profile. It is a section steel of various cross-sectional shapes made by hot-rolling or cold-rolled strip blanks. Cold-formed steel has the following characteristics:
1. The section is economically reasonable and saves materials. The cross-section shape of the cold-formed steel can be designed according to needs, and the structure is reasonable. The section modulus of the unit weight is higher than that of the hot-rolled section steel. Under the same load, the weight of the components can be reduced and materials can be saved. Cold-formed steel is used to save 38-50% of the metal in comparable architectural hot-rolled steel structures and 15-60% in metal for agricultural machinery and vehicles. Facilitate construction and reduce overall costs.
2. With a wide variety of products, it is possible to produce a wide variety of sections and various types of cold-formed steel with uniform wall thickness and complex cross-section shapes that are difficult to produce by ordinary hot rolling methods.
3. The product surface is smooth and clean, the appearance is good, the size is accurate, and the length can also be flexibly adjusted according to the need. All products are supplied according to a fixed length or multiple feet to improve the utilization of the material.
4. Production can also be combined with punching and other processes to meet different needs.
There are many types of cold-formed steels, from cross-sectional shape, with open, semi-closed and closed, the main products are cold-formed channel steel, angle steel, z-shaped steel, cold-formed steel plate, square tube, rectangular tube, special shaped steel welding, rolling shutter door Wait. The cold-formed steel that is usually produced has a thickness of 6 mm or less and a width of 500 mm or less. Products are widely used in mining, construction, agricultural machinery, transportation, bridges, petrochemicals, light industry, electronics and other industries.
The proper pipe fittings and flanges let your equipment do the work that you intend it to do. The various types of pipe fittings include adapters, bulkhead fittings, plugs, rigid couplings, flexible couplings, 90 degree elbows, 45 degree elbows, reducing elbows, flanges, nipples, concentric reducers, eccentric reducers, side outlet eyes, standard eyes, reducing eyes, bullhead eyes, unions, standard wyes, reducing wyes and many more. You should select the right fitting for your application among the wide range of fitting types and sizes offered.
Common points to consider:
The integrity of any fitting for proper functioning depends upon the following:
- Selection of correct components or fittings appropriate for the application
- Careful preparation and cleaning
- Careful installation and assembly
- Correct tightening and loading
The points to consider are as follows:
- Consider the Tubing Used: For instance, barbed fittings work better in flexible tubing while compression fittings work best with rigid tubing.
- Determine Material Compatibility: Material selection plays a vital role in the proper working of fittings. There are certain fluids which are not compatible with fitting material and these fittings cause leakage or system damage. It is very essential to check the material compatibility of your fluid with any chemicals.
- Check Temperature and Pressure Conditions: Appropriate temperature and pressure ratings are needed for proper operating conditions. It is necessary to know whether the fittings are capable of performing at their maximum temperature and maximum pressure ratings because most fittings cannot perform both the task simultaneously.
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