Most of the greenhouse vegetables are mainly anti-season vegetables, which have the advantages of high yield and good benefits. However, due to the special growth environment, the occurrence of various diseases and insect pests in greenhouse vegetables is rapid, and the damage is heavy.
First, the high temperature shack method 1, the shack before the seedlings. After the completion of the greenhouse, you can choose to cover the greenhouse film on sunny days, and close the shack for 7-10 days. The shed temperature will increase to 60 °C or above, which can kill the pathogens of the soil surface and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in the growing season. 2, with a seedling shed. During the growth of vegetables, timely remove the old leaves of the diseased yellow, bring them out of the shed, and pour a permeable water a few days before the shack, spray a protective agent, choose sunny noon, close the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the upper part of the seedlings rises to 42-45 °C, kept for 2 hours. After the treatment is completed, avoid violent ventilation and cool down. Slowly cool down and strengthen management. The treatment should be strictly controlled for at least 7-10 days, and the effect of inhibiting the bacteria below 42 °C is not good. Above 45 °C, the plants are easily injured.
Second, the seed treatment method pests and diseases are often lurking on the vegetable seeds, seed treatment before sowing, can effectively eliminate the spread of some pests and diseases. Commonly used seed treatment methods are warm soaking and chemical treatment. 1. Warm soaking seeds. Vegetable seeds are generally soaked in warm water of 55 to 60 ° C for 5 to 15 minutes, and should be continuously stirred during soaking to make the seeds evenly heated. 2, pharmaceutical treatment. It can be soaked with 0.1% copper sulfate, 0.1% potassium permanganate or 300 times formalin, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 0.3-0.4% seed amount.
Third, the soil insecticide method can be based on the occurrence of local perennial pests and diseases, targeted to select the right pesticides and appropriate amount of soil mix well, before arable land, evenly spread on the surface, ploughed into the soil, soil pesticidal. The disinfection of the seedbed can be carried out by means of the upper pad cover, but care should be taken to protect the surface of the bed from moisture, so as to avoid phytotoxicity.
Fourth, the agricultural prevention and control law 1, the selection of excellent varieties of pests and diseases. 2. Promote formula fertilization. Farmyard manure must be fully cooked. According to the type of vegetables grown, the different growth stages of the same variety, determine the type and quantity of fertilization, and pay attention to the reasonable mix of NPK fertilizer to avoid partial application. In the middle and late stages of vegetable growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and other micro-fertilizers should be added to improve the nutritional status to enhance the disease resistance of vegetables. 3. Scientific watering. Drip irrigation and under-film submerged irrigation techniques are vigorously promoted to reduce soil and air humidity. 4. Reasonable close planting. According to different varieties, determine the reasonable planting density, prevent planting too dense, causing the greenhouse to close, affecting ventilation and light transmission. 5, using high ridge width and narrow row planting. Generally, the ridge height is 15 to 20 cm, the width is 30 to 40 cm, the width of the ridge is 80 to 90 cm, and the narrow ridge distance is 40 to 50 cm, so as to improve the ground temperature and enhance the ventilation and light transmission. 6. Implement deep cultivation and rotation. 7. Promote full coverage of plastic film. 8, pay attention to the shed cleaning. In the growing period, the diseased plants are removed in time, and the old leaves of the diseased leaves are removed; after harvesting, the dead leaves, roots and weeds in the shed are removed in time. 9. Strictly control temperature and humidity.
5. When the chemical prevention and control law implements pesticide control, it should pay attention to scientific and rational use of drugs. First, according to the type of pests and diseases, choose the pesticide control on the road; second, according to the law of pests and diseases, strictly control the best prevention period and the best dosage, and timely and appropriate medication; Third, consider the long-term effect of spray prevention To achieve the use of pesticides alternately to prevent the occurrence of resistance to pests and diseases; fourth, in the occurrence of a variety of pests and diseases, the use of mixed drugs to achieve a single application to control a variety of pests and diseases; fifth, flexible selection of pesticide formulations and applications according to weather changes Six methods should avoid the use of high-efficiency, high-toxic, long-lasting pesticides, preferably with high-efficiency, low-toxic, short-lived pesticides or biological drugs
First, the high temperature shack method 1, the shack before the seedlings. After the completion of the greenhouse, you can choose to cover the greenhouse film on sunny days, and close the shack for 7-10 days. The shed temperature will increase to 60 °C or above, which can kill the pathogens of the soil surface and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in the growing season. 2, with a seedling shed. During the growth of vegetables, timely remove the old leaves of the diseased yellow, bring them out of the shed, and pour a permeable water a few days before the shack, spray a protective agent, choose sunny noon, close the greenhouse, so that the temperature in the upper part of the seedlings rises to 42-45 °C, kept for 2 hours. After the treatment is completed, avoid violent ventilation and cool down. Slowly cool down and strengthen management. The treatment should be strictly controlled for at least 7-10 days, and the effect of inhibiting the bacteria below 42 °C is not good. Above 45 °C, the plants are easily injured.
Second, the seed treatment method pests and diseases are often lurking on the vegetable seeds, seed treatment before sowing, can effectively eliminate the spread of some pests and diseases. Commonly used seed treatment methods are warm soaking and chemical treatment. 1. Warm soaking seeds. Vegetable seeds are generally soaked in warm water of 55 to 60 ° C for 5 to 15 minutes, and should be continuously stirred during soaking to make the seeds evenly heated. 2, pharmaceutical treatment. It can be soaked with 0.1% copper sulfate, 0.1% potassium permanganate or 300 times formalin, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder with 0.3-0.4% seed amount.
Third, the soil insecticide method can be based on the occurrence of local perennial pests and diseases, targeted to select the right pesticides and appropriate amount of soil mix well, before arable land, evenly spread on the surface, ploughed into the soil, soil pesticidal. The disinfection of the seedbed can be carried out by means of the upper pad cover, but care should be taken to protect the surface of the bed from moisture, so as to avoid phytotoxicity.
Fourth, the agricultural prevention and control law 1, the selection of excellent varieties of pests and diseases. 2. Promote formula fertilization. Farmyard manure must be fully cooked. According to the type of vegetables grown, the different growth stages of the same variety, determine the type and quantity of fertilization, and pay attention to the reasonable mix of NPK fertilizer to avoid partial application. In the middle and late stages of vegetable growth, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and other micro-fertilizers should be added to improve the nutritional status to enhance the disease resistance of vegetables. 3. Scientific watering. Drip irrigation and under-film submerged irrigation techniques are vigorously promoted to reduce soil and air humidity. 4. Reasonable close planting. According to different varieties, determine the reasonable planting density, prevent planting too dense, causing the greenhouse to close, affecting ventilation and light transmission. 5, using high ridge width and narrow row planting. Generally, the ridge height is 15 to 20 cm, the width is 30 to 40 cm, the width of the ridge is 80 to 90 cm, and the narrow ridge distance is 40 to 50 cm, so as to improve the ground temperature and enhance the ventilation and light transmission. 6. Implement deep cultivation and rotation. 7. Promote full coverage of plastic film. 8, pay attention to the shed cleaning. In the growing period, the diseased plants are removed in time, and the old leaves of the diseased leaves are removed; after harvesting, the dead leaves, roots and weeds in the shed are removed in time. 9. Strictly control temperature and humidity.
5. When the chemical prevention and control law implements pesticide control, it should pay attention to scientific and rational use of drugs. First, according to the type of pests and diseases, choose the pesticide control on the road; second, according to the law of pests and diseases, strictly control the best prevention period and the best dosage, and timely and appropriate medication; Third, consider the long-term effect of spray prevention To achieve the use of pesticides alternately to prevent the occurrence of resistance to pests and diseases; fourth, in the occurrence of a variety of pests and diseases, the use of mixed drugs to achieve a single application to control a variety of pests and diseases; fifth, flexible selection of pesticide formulations and applications according to weather changes Six methods should avoid the use of high-efficiency, high-toxic, long-lasting pesticides, preferably with high-efficiency, low-toxic, short-lived pesticides or biological drugs
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