A metal cutting machine (referred to as a machine tool) that processes various metal workpieces by cutting, grinding or special machining methods to obtain the required geometry, dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the machine (except hand-held). It is a wide-ranging and wide-ranging equipment. Its structural characteristics, processing accuracy, automation, working conditions and environmental conditions are very different. There are different requirements for the lubrication system and the lubricant used.
Machine lubrication characteristics and requirements:
1. The main components in the machine tool are mostly mechanical parts, standardized and generalized, and the degree of serialization is high. For example, sliding bearings, rolling bearings, gears, worm gear pairs, rolling and sliding guides, screw drive pairs (screw nut pairs), clutches, hydraulic systems, cams, etc., have different lubrication conditions.
2, the use of machine tools Environmental conditions: machine tools are usually installed in indoor environment, the summer ambient temperature is up to 40 ° C, when the winter temperature is below 0 ° C, more heating, so that the ambient temperature is higher than 5-10 ° C. High-precision machine tools require a constant temperature air conditioning environment, generally around 20 °C. However, due to the high precision and automation of many machine tools, the requirements for viscosity, oxidation resistance (life) and oil cleanliness of lubricating oil are strict.
3. Working condition of machine tools: Different types of machine tools of different specifications and sizes, even on the same machine type, the working conditions are very different due to the different processing parts. The requirements for lubrication vary. For example, the grinding wheel spindle bearings of high-speed internal grinding machines and the heavy-duty, low-speed spindle bearings of heavy-duty machine tools have very different requirements for lubrication methods and lubricants. The former requires lubrication with an oil mist or oil/gas lubrication system, using a lower viscosity lubricant, while the latter requires lubrication with an oil bath or a pressure cycle lubrication system, using a higher viscosity oil.
4. Adaptability of lubricating oils and lubricating coolants, rubber seals, paint materials, etc.: Lubricating coolants are used on most machine tools. In lubricating oils, oils are often emulsified and deteriorated due to the mixing of coolant. The parts are rusted, etc., causing the rubber seal to expand and deform, causing the surface of the part to paint bubbles and peel off. Therefore, the compatibility of oil and lubricating coolant, rubber seals, paint materials, and oil leakage prevention are considered. In particular, as the degree of automation of machine tools has increased, lubricating/cooling general-purpose oils have been used on some automation and CNC machine tools, both as lubricating oils and as lubricating coolants.
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Label: Analysis of lubrication characteristics and requirements of metal cutting machine tools
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Ammonium Phosphate, also known as triammonium Phosphate, inorganic compound, molecular formula (NH4) 3PO4, is an ammonium salt of phosphoric acid, containing anhydrous substances and hydrates. Ammonium phosphate is a colorless crystal or gray white powder, sometimes particles, soluble in water. Ammonium phosphate contains nitrogen and phosphorus. It is a compound fertilizer.
When ammonium phosphate is used as fertilizer in agriculture, special attention should be paid to its thermal decomposition and alkali decomposition. In calcareous soils with pH greater than 7.5, decomposition and volatilization of ammonia are easy to occur, and water-soluble phosphorus is transformed into citric acid-soluble phosphorus. The main chemical reactions were:
CaCO3+ (NH4) 2HPO4 - 2NH3+CaHPO4+CO2+H2O
Ammonium phosphate is a kind of high concentration and quick-acting compound fertilizer. Its content of N+P2O5 is about 64%, which is soluble in water and has a high salt index. The salt indices of monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate are 30 and 34, respectively. Therefore, special attention should be paid to not contacting seeds directly when planting fertilizer, and the fertilization point should not be too close to the young roots and buds when making base fertilizer, so as to avoid the burning of ammonia released from the molecule. Ammonium phosphate can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer, but because its molecule contains more phosphorus nutrients than nitrogen, its N:P2O5 ratio of monoammonium phosphate is about 1:5 and diammonium phosphate is about 1:2.5. In order to make the phosphorus contained in it play a full role in the early stage of crop growth, it is generally suitable to be used as base fertilizer, for those soils with higher available phosphorus or for rice. For crops with relatively less phosphorus, even as base fertilizer, a certain amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to adjust the proportion of N:P2O5 to an appropriate level. Ammonium phosphate can be mixed with most fertilizers, but it should be avoided to mix with alkaline fertilizers, because it can promote the decomposition of ammonium phosphate and release ammonia.
In addition, using ammonium phosphate as raw material, a variety of compound fertilizers can also be prepared. The main varieties are: (1) ammonium thiophosphate. If the grade of ammonium thiophosphate produced by 32% monoammonium phosphate and 59% Ammonium Sulfate is 16-20-0, the product has good physical properties, the critical moisture absorption point is 75.8%, higher than that of monoammonium phosphate; 2. ammonium nitrate. The grade of representative varieties is 25-25-0, 28-14-0 and so on, which are products neutralized by mixed acid of phosphoric acid and nitric acid and ammonia; and (3) ammonium uric phosphate. This is a kind of high concentration solid compound fertilizer, which has N-P and N-P-K types, such as 28-28-0 and 22-22-11 varieties. It is generally made of ammonium phosphate slurry or granulated powder products and spraying granulated urea. The product has good physical properties and is suitable for a variety of soils and crops.
Ammonium Phosphate
Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate,Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic,Ammonium Phosphate,Ammonium Hydrogen Phosphate Dibasic
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