In the “Twelfth Five-Year Development Plan for Machinery Basic Parts, Basic Manufacturing Process and Basic Materials Industry†promulgated by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology at the end of 2011, bearings were listed as the first place in mechanical basic parts. After experiencing rapid growth in the past few years, China's bearing industry has ranked third in the world. It has now entered the stage of structural adjustment and rational return, and “transforming development mode†and “quality upgrading†are still top priorities. ——China's bearing industry entered the structural adjustment period According to the statistics of the China Bearing Industry Association on 100 key enterprises, and combined with the statistical analysis of the National Bureau of Statistics over the years, the national bearing industry completed the main business income of 142 billion yuan in 2011, an increase of 12.7% The revenue from bearing products business was 106 billion yuan, up 11.6% year-on-year. The output of bearings was 18 billion sets, up 20% year-on-year. The total profit was 7.2 billion yuan, a decrease of 4 percentage points year-on-year. The profit margin of the main business decreased by 1 percentage point. From the perspective of export markets, China exported 4.9 billion sets of bearings and earned 4.5 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 18.2% and 36.6% over the same period of 2010. The cumulative import was 1.88 billion sets, and the exchange rate was 4.17 billion U.S. dollars, up 4.6% and 9.4% year-on-year. The export surplus was $330 million, and in 2009 and 2010, respectively, a deficit of $800 million and $500 million was generated. Niu Gang, deputy secretary-general of China Bearing Industry Association, said that after the rapid growth in 2010, the bearing industry showed a trend of high and low in 2011. After entering the third quarter, many enterprises’ economic operations fell into a passive situation, and sales fell. Insufficient orders, tight capital, sharp increase in inventories, high receivables and declining economic returns offset the rapid growth of the first half of the year. The whole industry followed the adjustment of the national economic structure into the stage of structural adjustment and rational return. This year's industry situation is also severe, and economic benefits have fallen sharply. In January-March, the total industrial output value of 100 key enterprises decreased by 7.40%, industrial added value decreased by 5.71%, and bearing output reached 870 million sets, down from the same period of last year. The sales volume of 9.27% ​​of bearings was 800 million sets, down 18.76% year-on-year. The production and sales rate was only 91.8%, a record low in recent years. The bearing inventory amount has reached 49.9%, up 13.8% year-on-year. It is still continuing the upward trend since the third quarter of last year. The income from the main business of the above 100 enterprises was 15.88 billion yuan, down 7.22% year-on-year. The income from bearing business was 10.68 billion yuan, down 1.12% year-on-year. The total profit was 630 million yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 47.62%, and the total tax amount was 520 million yuan. , a year-on-year decrease of 15.38%. Among them, 83 enterprises' bearing business income declined, and 23 incomes fell by more than 20%, an increase of 7 from February, of which the largest decline was 74%. There were 63 companies whose profits decreased year-on-year, 34% year-on-year, and 23 loss-making enterprises, up 12 last year, with a loss of 80.65 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 3.8 times. Among the 31 companies surveyed at the beginning of the China Association, 97% of them entered the “cold winter†in the first quarter of this year, and their output accounted for 10% of the industry. —— It is expected that the whole industry will be low before the development this year. According to the forecast of the China Axis Association, it is expected that the whole industry will continue the downward trend in the fourth quarter of 2012 in the first half of 2012. The second half of the year will slowly recover but the range will be limited. level". It is estimated that in 2012, the main business income of China's bearing industry will reach 158 billion yuan, an increase of about 11% year-on-year. The bearing business income will reach about 112 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of about 12%, and the bearing output will reach 21 billion sets, a year-on-year increase. About 16%. Niu Gang said that in 2012, the negative factors in the domestic market of China's bearing industry will continue to increase, and operational risks will increase. On the one hand, the price of production factors has risen, corporate cost pressures have increased, profits have fallen, stocks have risen, accounts receivable have increased and recycling has been difficult, especially for SMEs; on the other hand, foreign-owned bearing companies in China have begun to enter the ordinary The bearing market has caused excessive competition in the market with overcapacity, threatening the survival of some enterprises. At present, the supporting demand of many domestic host industries is insufficient, and the orders of bearing enterprises are reduced. Most enterprises have less than 50% of orders in the first half of the year and are underemployed. In contrast, the foreign market is better than the domestic market. Although the euro crisis cannot be improved in the short term, the US-Japan economy is stagnant, and the Asian economic growth rate may slow down, which will affect China's bearing exports, but from another perspective Due to the international economic downturn, it is bound to promote various industries to reduce cost pressures, and the cost performance of China's bearings also has certain advantages. Therefore, China's bearing export growth in 2012 is expected to continue the high growth trend in 2011. In the first three months of this year, China's cumulative export of bearings was 1.02 billion sets, a year-on-year decrease of 0.1% over the same period of 2011. The foreign exchange earned US$1.026 billion, up 13% year-on-year. In recent years, the number of losses and foreign exchange increased. In the same period, China imported 429 million sets of bearings, down 6.7% year-on-year, with US$ 849 million, down 11.4% year-on-year, and a surplus of US$ 177 million in the first quarter. Experts say that on the one hand, with the continuous development of China's bearing quality level, all enterprises are developing towards alternative imports, blocking part of imports. On the other hand, multinational bearing companies adopt a localization strategy, and the establishment of factories in China has begun. The scale has reduced a portion of imports. Therefore, it is estimated that in 2012, China's bearing industry will see an increase of 15% in export earnings, reaching US$5.2 billion. ——“Quality upgrade†is an urgent task 　　 Despite the current severe market situation, there is also a phenomenon of unevenness in the bearing industry in China. In the first quarter of this year, nearly 40% of the 100 key enterprises in the industry maintained growth. The income of the bearing business of the top 10 companies decreased slightly, down 2.06% year-on-year, and three of them still maintained growth. Industry experts expect that companies with brands, new technologies, excellent quality and reasonable product structure will further win the living space. Lu Gang, deputy secretary-general of China Bearing Industry Association, said that China's bearing product manufacturing technology is catching up with the international level, and the product quality is close to the level of foreign advanced peers at the end of the last century. At present, China's bearing industry has achieved a small to large, capable of producing more than 70,000 kinds of bearing products, a number of advanced production technology and management technology are promoted and applied throughout the industry. However, compared with foreign counterparts, domestic low-end bearing products are “not as good as peopleâ€, and high-end products are “not as good as peopleâ€. Like quasi-high-speed, high-speed railway passenger car bearings, P4 grade high-precision machine tool spindle bearings, long-life rolling mill bearings, aerospace bearings, etc., basically rely on imports, resulting in a deficit in bearing import and export in recent years. For example, the single bearing value of the imported bearing is 2.34 times that of the export bearing, which also indicates that the added value and technical content of the imported bearing are much higher than the export bearing. Experts believe that for a long time, the development of the bearing industry has emphasized the scale and total amount. This is determined by the big situation and the big environment, and it is also a necessary and inevitable process for the industrialization of industrial products. At present, the economic scale of China's bearing industry has ranked third in the world, accounting for 20% of the world's total. However, the industry's enthusiasm for expanding production scale is still higher than the ability to improve quality and quality. The development mode and thinking must be adjusted and changed. We should strive to shorten the gap with the advanced level of foreign countries from three aspects: product quality, technology level and enterprise development strategy. In this regard, industry experts suggest that the state should set industry access standards, strengthen the integration of the bearing industry, promote mergers and acquisitions, reduce unfair competition, and increase support and guidance for private SMEs, especially key infrastructure. We will increase support for technical research and exchanges, increase export tax rebates, adjust taxation and banking policies, and solve corporate financing problems. At the same time, relevant departments and industry organizations should set up cross-industry price alliances to further reduce raw material prices, continue to support the automotive industry, guide the motorcycle industry, increase quality inspections and exposure of unqualified products, and foster greater influence in the world. Big brand.
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