Apple fruit is an important criterion for judging fruit quality. The general superior fruit standard is: the transverse diameter of the Marshal's fruit should be above 75 mm, and the cross diameter of Fuji, Qinguan and Jonah should be above 80 mm, while the transverse diameter of medium-sized fruit such as 嘎啦 and Guoguang should be above 70 mm. How to promote fruit to these indicators is a key technology for producing quality apples.
1. Fruit-related factors The size of a variety of fruit depends mainly on its hereditary nature, followed by the natural environment and management level. Within the same variety, the size of the fruit is determined by the number of cells and the volume of the cells. Apples form from the ovary until 4-5 weeks after flowering. At the time of flowering, there are about 2 million cells in the flesh, which need to be split by 21 times. When harvesting, there are about 40 million flesh cells, and 4-5 times cell division after flowering. The number and volume of fruit cells are closely related to nutrient levels and environmental conditions.
2. Increase the technology of the fruit
2.1 Strengthening tree nutrition
Scientific soil and water management is a fundamental measure to enhance the tree's growth. Each year, with the deep expansion of the expansion hole, a large amount of organic fertilizer is added, and the amount is increased with the increase of the age and the crown of the tree, so that the soil organic matter content of the root distribution layer is more than 1%, preferably 2%-3%. Specifically, it is required to apply 1.50-2 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer for every kilogram of fruit produced. In the aspect of top dressing, the application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer or compound fertilizer from the young fruit to the fruit expansion period can increase the fruit weight by 5%-10%, and after spraying the leaves, before the harvest, the amino acid compound micro-spray is sprayed once every 20-25 days. Fertilizer, photosynthetic micro-fertilizer, etc., spray 3-5 times a year, can increase fruit weight by 6%-12%. At the same time, the orchard water supply should be balanced. 40 days after flowering, the relative water content of the orchard soil should be stabilized at 60%-80%. The orchard without irrigation conditions should promote the combination of orchard grass covering and water-saving irrigation to maintain soil water content. However, in the rainy season, attention should be paid to the drainage of the orchard to prevent the root water from being blocked and affecting the tree potential.
2.2 Strictly thin fruit
When the climatic conditions in the flowering period are good, the method of “flowering and fruit setting†can be used to remove single flowers, and only the central flower and the central fruit are left; the flowering period is not good, and the inflorescence can be left at a certain distance (the spacing of the new red star is 20-25). Cm, red Fuji 25-30 cm), each flower inflorescence leaves the center flower and 1 side flower, when the fruit is thinned, leave a single fruit, so that the ratio of fruit to fruit reaches 5-8:1. Select the center fruit on the strong branch, side Fruit, drooping fruit, terminal fruit, large fruit, healthy fruit. In the determination of the eradication period, the early promotion, the earlier the fruit, the larger the fruit, the higher the level. According to the author's investigation in the same Fuji fruit garden in Yongshou County, the average fruit weight was 290.50 g at the time of harvest; the average fruit weight on May 31 and the fruit on June 15 were the average fruit weight at harvest. 273.10 grams and 257.80 grams, the difference is more obvious.
2.3 Appropriate late mining
According to the post-harvest use, under the premise of accurately judging the fruit maturity, it can be properly harvested at night, which not only has a certain effect on increasing the weight of single fruit, but also is beneficial to the later coloration of the fruit. According to relevant data, the average weight of harvested by Red Fuji on October 8 and October 25 is about 20 grams, an average of 1 gram per day. However, after the fruit is over-ripe, the harvest has a great influence on the quality of the fruit.
2.4 Specification trimming
When cutting winter, the amount of pruning should be avoided too light or too heavy, so that the tree maintains the moderate state to eliminate the invalid branches, adjust the flower and leaf bud ratio, so that it basically reaches about 1:3. Pay attention to renewing the senescent fruit branches and branches, so that most of the fruit branches are in the 2-5 year old stage, and the small fruit branches with small branches are large. According to the survey, the fruit rate of the 7-8 year old Fuji fruit branches accounts for 12.50%, which is 4 The -6-year-old fruit branches are 2-3 times higher; the large fruit rate on the thick fruit branches is 65.80%, and the large fruit rate on the thin branches is only 21.40%. The younger cuts and puts the trees, the inner sputum is lacking light, the flower buds are thin and small, basically no big fruit. It is necessary to be happy in time, to dilute the auxiliary branches, to control the erect branches, to eliminate the dense branches, so that there are 8-10 fruit branch branches per metre of backbone branches, so that the thick branches of the tree are made.
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