Tea red rust algae
Distribution and Symptoms: Tea red rust algae disease is a serious stem and leaf disease that has gradually occurred on tea trees in recent years. It is distributed in most tea areas in China, with severe incidence in Guangdong, Hainan and Hunan provinces. The disease mainly affects stems and leaves of 1 to 3 years, and the fruit can also be harmed. The lesions on the stem are initially gray and black dots of different sizes, gradually expanding and interconnecting to surround the branches, showing a purple-black color. In the period from April to July when the humidity is high, the rust-colored fruit body can be produced on the diseased stem, and the small orange-yellow hair is observed by the magnifying mirror, which is an important feature for identifying the disease. After several years of damage, the cortex is rough and cracked. After the stem was killed, the growth of the tree was obviously weakened. In the dry season, the top leaves were sparse, the branches were dry, and the branches were purple-black. It forms a nearly circular spot on the leaf, and has a frontal bulge with a diameter of 5 to 6 mm, a purple-red border, and a central gray-brown color. Leaf damage occurred in Hainan tea area.
Pathogen: An invasive parasitic alga. The vegetative body of the pathogenic algae is parasitic in the host cell tissue, and the orange-yellow hairy body seen by the diseased part is the sac and the sac of the propagule. The vesicle stalk is erect. Thick and short, the top of the expansion of the small stalk of the raw sac. The sac is spherical and orange-yellow. When it is mature, it will produce a swimming sling when it is wet. Swimming crutches double flagella, colorless.
Occurrence law: pathogenic algae overwinter in the diseased cortical tissue with vegetative bodies, and formed cysts and robes in the late spring and early summer. After the swimming robes escape, they are spread by rainwater, invading the parasit after germination, spreading and spreading between cells, showing signs. As long as the environmental conditions are appropriate, the disease continues to infect again. The occurrence of this disease is closely related to cultivation management. The management of extensive disease, soil thinness, alkaline, clay soil, drought and water stains cause the tree to be weak. The robust and disease-resistant tea tree has slow disease development and low damage.
Control method: In view of the reasons for the weak growth of tea trees, soil improvement, strengthening management of farming, and enhancing disease resistance, this is the cure method. The chemical treatment can be sprayed with a copper preparation.
Distribution and Symptoms of Tea Jujube: It occurs in the main tea-producing areas of the country. It is a 1-year-old parasitic herbaceous plant with no roots and no leaves. The leaves are degenerated into scales, stems are linear, slender, yellowish brown, and autumn is small. Yellow-white flowers, racemes, fruit-ovate, 1 to 4 seeds, brown, flat.
Occurrence law: It started in mid-April, and the autumn rain season from August to October was the peak period. Flowering in late autumn, the seeds mature in October and fall into the winter. When the temperature is suitable, the germination occurs at the temperature of the next year. The ends of the embryos grow with silk. When they are 3 to 4 cm long, they are brown. One end grows on the ground and one end floats on one end. In the air, when encountering parasitic plants, suckers are produced, fixed on the host, and then differentiated into conduits and screens, connected with the conduits and screens of the host plants, and the water and nutrients in the young shoots are taken up, and the host is entangled, and the young tissues are entangled. Conducive to the need to insert people. The surface of the tea tree canopy is covered with vines, and the tea tree leaves can not be stretched normally. In addition, the vines continue to ingest the tea tree nutrients, causing the leaves of the tea tree to fall off and the branches to die.
Control methods: 1 All tea cuts are cut off. It is best to cut off the seeds before they are immature. Because they spread and multiply, they must be taken out of the garden or burned out. If some tea branches are seriously damaged, they should be cut off together. 2 Turn the soil 15-20 cm in autumn and winter, and bury the seeds dropped on the ground to avoid germination in the following year. 3 drug control, for the young plants of the tea stalks that were unearthed soon, choose cloudy or sooner or later, per acre (667 square meters) with biological pesticide Lubao No.1 1.5~2.0 kg, diquat grass 0.125 kg, 2%~3% Sodium pentachlorophenol is sprayed, but it is not ideal for the dodders that have been firmly wrapped around the surface of the tea tree. It must be cut off.
Lichens and moss Distribution and symptoms: distributed in tea producing areas throughout the country. The lichens are saprophytic plants on the branches of tea, which are divided into shell lichens, leaf lichens and dendritic lichens. Shell-shaped lichens are inconsistent in shape, often attached to the surface of the trunk, and are not easily peeled off. Commonly, the text lichens are in the shape of a skin, and the surface is black; the leaf-like lichens are laid flat on the surface of the branches, and the fine roots are attached to the underside. On the bark, but can not absorb nutrients and moisture, only support and fix, gray-white, the edge is rolled like a leaf, easy to peel off. Such lichens are more common; the lichens are attached to the branches, and the vegetative bodies are dendritic, erect or sagging. Moss is a plant with green false leaves and pseudo stems that can be used for photosynthesis, but it has no real roots. It is attached to the tea tree branches by silky pseudo roots. It does not rely on fake roots to absorb water, but depends on its own parts. Directly absorb water and nutrients.
Occurrence law: lichens and mosses hang on the vegetative body attached to the tea tree stems for the winter, and grow fastest in March to May of the next year, and stop growing in the hot summer and cold winter. In the mountain tea garden, a large number of lichens and mosses are attached to the branches, and the coverage rate can reach 90% to 100%, which seriously affects the normal growth and development of tea trees, so that no tea can be recovered. Its occurrence and severity are closely related to the age of the tree, the environment of the tea garden and the level of cultivation and management. Generally, tea gardens with senescence of trees, weeds, soil weight, high groundwater level, and poor drainage are most likely to occur.
Control methods: 1 Improve the management level of tea gardens, timely weeding, increase the application of organic fertilizer, dig trenches in the rainy season, trim the shade branches, and use bamboo knives to scrape the lichens and moss after the rain. 2 The aging tree is shackled, the base of the bush is removed, and the ether is protected. 3 In the dormant period of the tea tree, the moss on the branches is sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% of sterilized Dan, sprayed with 1% of glyphosate on the ground moss, or with 1% lime equivalent of Bordeaux mixture. 2 to 3 Baumeite sulphur mixture, 0.2% sodium pentachlorophenolate, 2% ferrous sulfate spray.
Distribution and Symptoms: Tea red rust algae disease is a serious stem and leaf disease that has gradually occurred on tea trees in recent years. It is distributed in most tea areas in China, with severe incidence in Guangdong, Hainan and Hunan provinces. The disease mainly affects stems and leaves of 1 to 3 years, and the fruit can also be harmed. The lesions on the stem are initially gray and black dots of different sizes, gradually expanding and interconnecting to surround the branches, showing a purple-black color. In the period from April to July when the humidity is high, the rust-colored fruit body can be produced on the diseased stem, and the small orange-yellow hair is observed by the magnifying mirror, which is an important feature for identifying the disease. After several years of damage, the cortex is rough and cracked. After the stem was killed, the growth of the tree was obviously weakened. In the dry season, the top leaves were sparse, the branches were dry, and the branches were purple-black. It forms a nearly circular spot on the leaf, and has a frontal bulge with a diameter of 5 to 6 mm, a purple-red border, and a central gray-brown color. Leaf damage occurred in Hainan tea area.
Pathogen: An invasive parasitic alga. The vegetative body of the pathogenic algae is parasitic in the host cell tissue, and the orange-yellow hairy body seen by the diseased part is the sac and the sac of the propagule. The vesicle stalk is erect. Thick and short, the top of the expansion of the small stalk of the raw sac. The sac is spherical and orange-yellow. When it is mature, it will produce a swimming sling when it is wet. Swimming crutches double flagella, colorless.
Occurrence law: pathogenic algae overwinter in the diseased cortical tissue with vegetative bodies, and formed cysts and robes in the late spring and early summer. After the swimming robes escape, they are spread by rainwater, invading the parasit after germination, spreading and spreading between cells, showing signs. As long as the environmental conditions are appropriate, the disease continues to infect again. The occurrence of this disease is closely related to cultivation management. The management of extensive disease, soil thinness, alkaline, clay soil, drought and water stains cause the tree to be weak. The robust and disease-resistant tea tree has slow disease development and low damage.
Control method: In view of the reasons for the weak growth of tea trees, soil improvement, strengthening management of farming, and enhancing disease resistance, this is the cure method. The chemical treatment can be sprayed with a copper preparation.
Distribution and Symptoms of Tea Jujube: It occurs in the main tea-producing areas of the country. It is a 1-year-old parasitic herbaceous plant with no roots and no leaves. The leaves are degenerated into scales, stems are linear, slender, yellowish brown, and autumn is small. Yellow-white flowers, racemes, fruit-ovate, 1 to 4 seeds, brown, flat.
Occurrence law: It started in mid-April, and the autumn rain season from August to October was the peak period. Flowering in late autumn, the seeds mature in October and fall into the winter. When the temperature is suitable, the germination occurs at the temperature of the next year. The ends of the embryos grow with silk. When they are 3 to 4 cm long, they are brown. One end grows on the ground and one end floats on one end. In the air, when encountering parasitic plants, suckers are produced, fixed on the host, and then differentiated into conduits and screens, connected with the conduits and screens of the host plants, and the water and nutrients in the young shoots are taken up, and the host is entangled, and the young tissues are entangled. Conducive to the need to insert people. The surface of the tea tree canopy is covered with vines, and the tea tree leaves can not be stretched normally. In addition, the vines continue to ingest the tea tree nutrients, causing the leaves of the tea tree to fall off and the branches to die.
Control methods: 1 All tea cuts are cut off. It is best to cut off the seeds before they are immature. Because they spread and multiply, they must be taken out of the garden or burned out. If some tea branches are seriously damaged, they should be cut off together. 2 Turn the soil 15-20 cm in autumn and winter, and bury the seeds dropped on the ground to avoid germination in the following year. 3 drug control, for the young plants of the tea stalks that were unearthed soon, choose cloudy or sooner or later, per acre (667 square meters) with biological pesticide Lubao No.1 1.5~2.0 kg, diquat grass 0.125 kg, 2%~3% Sodium pentachlorophenol is sprayed, but it is not ideal for the dodders that have been firmly wrapped around the surface of the tea tree. It must be cut off.
Lichens and moss Distribution and symptoms: distributed in tea producing areas throughout the country. The lichens are saprophytic plants on the branches of tea, which are divided into shell lichens, leaf lichens and dendritic lichens. Shell-shaped lichens are inconsistent in shape, often attached to the surface of the trunk, and are not easily peeled off. Commonly, the text lichens are in the shape of a skin, and the surface is black; the leaf-like lichens are laid flat on the surface of the branches, and the fine roots are attached to the underside. On the bark, but can not absorb nutrients and moisture, only support and fix, gray-white, the edge is rolled like a leaf, easy to peel off. Such lichens are more common; the lichens are attached to the branches, and the vegetative bodies are dendritic, erect or sagging. Moss is a plant with green false leaves and pseudo stems that can be used for photosynthesis, but it has no real roots. It is attached to the tea tree branches by silky pseudo roots. It does not rely on fake roots to absorb water, but depends on its own parts. Directly absorb water and nutrients.
Occurrence law: lichens and mosses hang on the vegetative body attached to the tea tree stems for the winter, and grow fastest in March to May of the next year, and stop growing in the hot summer and cold winter. In the mountain tea garden, a large number of lichens and mosses are attached to the branches, and the coverage rate can reach 90% to 100%, which seriously affects the normal growth and development of tea trees, so that no tea can be recovered. Its occurrence and severity are closely related to the age of the tree, the environment of the tea garden and the level of cultivation and management. Generally, tea gardens with senescence of trees, weeds, soil weight, high groundwater level, and poor drainage are most likely to occur.
Control methods: 1 Improve the management level of tea gardens, timely weeding, increase the application of organic fertilizer, dig trenches in the rainy season, trim the shade branches, and use bamboo knives to scrape the lichens and moss after the rain. 2 The aging tree is shackled, the base of the bush is removed, and the ether is protected. 3 In the dormant period of the tea tree, the moss on the branches is sprayed with 0.3% to 0.5% of sterilized Dan, sprayed with 1% of glyphosate on the ground moss, or with 1% lime equivalent of Bordeaux mixture. 2 to 3 Baumeite sulphur mixture, 0.2% sodium pentachlorophenolate, 2% ferrous sulfate spray.
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