As the foundation of the national economy, the development of agriculture is directly related to the national economy and people's livelihood. However, with the emergence of population issues, environmental issues, energy issues, food security issues, etc., agricultural development has been restricted to a certain extent, and sustainable agriculture emerged as the times require, becoming the focus of agricultural development in many developed agricultural countries. In recent years, countries around the world have made many attempts in the development of sustainable agriculture. Organic agriculture, energy agriculture and agricultural informatization have become the emerging development trend of sustainable agriculture. Dr. Li Min from the School of Economics and Management of Shandong Agricultural University elaborated on these three aspects in an article published in the journal Sustainability of Hans Publishing House.
organic agriculture
According to the Organic Trade Association (OTA), organic agriculture is growing at an average rate of around 9% per year. In 2012, the global organic agriculture market was US$62.9 billion, an increase of 89% over 2005; the number of employees was 1.8 million, an increase of 260% over 2005. As the income level of residents gradually increases and the environmental awareness increases, the demand for organic agricultural products continues to increase, and the supply-driven industry of organic agriculture gradually transforms into an industry driven by market demand. Moreover, many national governments have vigorously supported the development of machine-held agriculture, and the number of practitioners has increased, and the scale of the industry has continued to expand. .
The United States is the world's largest organic agricultural market. In 2011, the area of ​​organic agricultural land in the United States was 4,942,100 mu; the number of farms and ranches that were certified organic in the United States was 17,281. According to one data, 78% of American households buy organic food, and 30% of them start buying organic food in the near future. In 2011, Australia's organic agricultural land reached 12 million hectares, making it the largest country in the world for organic agriculture. Japan attaches great importance to biotechnology research related to organic agriculture, emphasizing the cooperation between government, enterprises and scientific research institutions, and providing technical support for its rapid development.
Energy agriculture
Traditional fossil energy is scarce and non-renewable, and carbon emissions are large, while other new energy sources are difficult to develop and inefficient. Relatively speaking, biorenewable energy is environmentally friendly, safe, efficient, widely used, and renewable. Therefore, it has developed rapidly in the past decade, and the emerging industry of energy agriculture came into being. Energy agriculture in the narrow sense refers to the cultivation of biofuel crops. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, the rapid development of biofuel crops in the past decade has stimulated the production of food crops, providing ample opportunities for agricultural development and providing a new path for increasing farmers' income. According to statistics, biofuels have become the largest emerging source of demand for agricultural products, accounting for about 7% of global coarse grain consumption and 9% of global rapeseed oil consumption.
The development of US energy agriculture has also benefited from government policy support. In 2007, the United States introduced the Energy Independence and Security Act, which stipulated that by 2022, 36 billion gallons of biofuels would be added to domestic cars. The US Environmental Protection Agency agreed to increase the upper limit of fuel ethanol content in US gasoline by 15% from the current 140%. The rapid growth of French biofuels in transportation fuels has stimulated the development of French energy agriculture. 70% of the cars in France (10 million units a month) are compatible with this kind of biofuels, and the number of gas stations supplying such fuels in France is 2,412, which constitutes a strong supply network for biofuels. Popularity provides good support. In addition, Australia's energy agriculture development is dominated by biodiesel and has received strong government support, especially in transportation fuels. Qantas Airways Australia uses a blend of 50% biofuels on domestic flights.
Agricultural informationization
With the continuous development of computer science, information technology has gradually been applied to all aspects of social production and life. Agricultural informatization applies information technology to agricultural production and sales. Through the analysis of historical and real-time agricultural data, it makes scientific decision-making and promotes the full utilization of agricultural resources to achieve sustainable development of agriculture.
The US government and enterprises have invested a large amount of funds to support and develop agricultural informatization and promote the new development of agriculture. At present, the United States has built the world's most extensive agricultural information service system, covering 46 states in the United States, six provinces in Canada, and seven other countries, benefiting farmers in the United States and related countries. The development of agricultural informatization in Japan has triggered tremendous changes in the way agricultural production and sales have been carried out, and has promoted the optimization and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure. Under the leadership of the government, the United Nations and the local scientific research institutions have jointly established a huge information service network, including crop cultivation techniques, pest control and other information, and can also realize real-time exchanges between farmers or agricultural associations and scientific research institutions. The construction of the agricultural information service system in France has been comprehensive, forming a multi-information service main structure that is led by the Ministry of Agriculture, various industry associations, farmer cooperative organizations and private enterprises.
Finally, through the above analysis of the new trends in sustainable agricultural development in developed countries, Dr. Li believes that strengthening government policy support and improving the science and technology research and development system is worth learning from.
organic agriculture
According to the Organic Trade Association (OTA), organic agriculture is growing at an average rate of around 9% per year. In 2012, the global organic agriculture market was US$62.9 billion, an increase of 89% over 2005; the number of employees was 1.8 million, an increase of 260% over 2005. As the income level of residents gradually increases and the environmental awareness increases, the demand for organic agricultural products continues to increase, and the supply-driven industry of organic agriculture gradually transforms into an industry driven by market demand. Moreover, many national governments have vigorously supported the development of machine-held agriculture, and the number of practitioners has increased, and the scale of the industry has continued to expand. .
The United States is the world's largest organic agricultural market. In 2011, the area of ​​organic agricultural land in the United States was 4,942,100 mu; the number of farms and ranches that were certified organic in the United States was 17,281. According to one data, 78% of American households buy organic food, and 30% of them start buying organic food in the near future. In 2011, Australia's organic agricultural land reached 12 million hectares, making it the largest country in the world for organic agriculture. Japan attaches great importance to biotechnology research related to organic agriculture, emphasizing the cooperation between government, enterprises and scientific research institutions, and providing technical support for its rapid development.
Energy agriculture
Traditional fossil energy is scarce and non-renewable, and carbon emissions are large, while other new energy sources are difficult to develop and inefficient. Relatively speaking, biorenewable energy is environmentally friendly, safe, efficient, widely used, and renewable. Therefore, it has developed rapidly in the past decade, and the emerging industry of energy agriculture came into being. Energy agriculture in the narrow sense refers to the cultivation of biofuel crops. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, the rapid development of biofuel crops in the past decade has stimulated the production of food crops, providing ample opportunities for agricultural development and providing a new path for increasing farmers' income. According to statistics, biofuels have become the largest emerging source of demand for agricultural products, accounting for about 7% of global coarse grain consumption and 9% of global rapeseed oil consumption.
The development of US energy agriculture has also benefited from government policy support. In 2007, the United States introduced the Energy Independence and Security Act, which stipulated that by 2022, 36 billion gallons of biofuels would be added to domestic cars. The US Environmental Protection Agency agreed to increase the upper limit of fuel ethanol content in US gasoline by 15% from the current 140%. The rapid growth of French biofuels in transportation fuels has stimulated the development of French energy agriculture. 70% of the cars in France (10 million units a month) are compatible with this kind of biofuels, and the number of gas stations supplying such fuels in France is 2,412, which constitutes a strong supply network for biofuels. Popularity provides good support. In addition, Australia's energy agriculture development is dominated by biodiesel and has received strong government support, especially in transportation fuels. Qantas Airways Australia uses a blend of 50% biofuels on domestic flights.
Agricultural informationization
With the continuous development of computer science, information technology has gradually been applied to all aspects of social production and life. Agricultural informatization applies information technology to agricultural production and sales. Through the analysis of historical and real-time agricultural data, it makes scientific decision-making and promotes the full utilization of agricultural resources to achieve sustainable development of agriculture.
The US government and enterprises have invested a large amount of funds to support and develop agricultural informatization and promote the new development of agriculture. At present, the United States has built the world's most extensive agricultural information service system, covering 46 states in the United States, six provinces in Canada, and seven other countries, benefiting farmers in the United States and related countries. The development of agricultural informatization in Japan has triggered tremendous changes in the way agricultural production and sales have been carried out, and has promoted the optimization and upgrading of agricultural industrial structure. Under the leadership of the government, the United Nations and the local scientific research institutions have jointly established a huge information service network, including crop cultivation techniques, pest control and other information, and can also realize real-time exchanges between farmers or agricultural associations and scientific research institutions. The construction of the agricultural information service system in France has been comprehensive, forming a multi-information service main structure that is led by the Ministry of Agriculture, various industry associations, farmer cooperative organizations and private enterprises.
Finally, through the above analysis of the new trends in sustainable agricultural development in developed countries, Dr. Li believes that strengthening government policy support and improving the science and technology research and development system is worth learning from.
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