At present, in some orchards where apple cultivation time is relatively long, the rot disease of apple trees is more serious, which makes the fruit farmers very headaches, often feel helpless, and rot has become a serious problem restricting the development of the apple industry. I want to give the fruit farmers a little help, combined with their own practical experience, collected and summarized the following content for your reference.
The cause of apple rot disease: the occurrence of rot disease is related to the age of the tree, the different varieties, the strength of the tree, the site conditions, the amount of farmyard manure application, and the size of the results. For example, in the low-lying land, due to the long time of water accumulation in the orchard, or the delay in the dormant period caused by partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, or the early fall of the leaves due to pests and diseases, improperly trimmed or over-pruned, the tree body is too wounded and weakened. The tree potential, the result is too large, the tree nutrient accumulation is poor, it is easy to cause rot disease. There are two high-risk periods in the year of rot disease, namely, March-April and August-September. Generally, spring is heavier than autumn.
Prevention and treatment methods: In order to put an end to the apple tree rot, it is necessary to do a good job of water and fertilizer and pruning management. If it is treated solely by drugs, it is a cure.
First, strengthen the management of soil, fertilizer and water in the orchard to enhance the tree. It can reapply organic fertilizer, increase inorganic fertilizer, especially potassium fertilizer, and mix appropriate amount of trace element fertilizer to improve soil fertility; improve soil aggregate structure, increase soil permeability and inhibit disease occurrence. Pay attention to improving the irrigation and drainage facilities of the orchard, scientific water use, try not to flood or string irrigation; if there are conditions, the orchard should adopt drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation, pay attention to dry irrigation and drainage, and reduce the occurrence of diseases.
The second is reasonable shaping and trimming and loading. Create a good orchard ventilation and light transmission conditions, improve the photosynthetic effect of the tree, cultivate a robust tree, enhance the disease resistance of the tree, and prevent the occurrence of diseases. Do not trim too much at one time, causing too many wounds in the tree. This will weaken the tree's potential and easily lead to the occurrence of rot, especially the thinning branches will be implemented step by step. Minimize and protect all kinds of wounds, cut saws, ring cuts, etc., and apply medicine in time. At the same time, it is necessary to thin the flowers and fruit, control the amount of fruit retained, and reasonable load to avoid the occurrence of large and small years.
The third is the prevention and treatment of Qingyuan medicine and materials. Strengthen the inspection of the orchard, remove the germs, scrape the surface ulcers, and reduce the breeding conditions of the overwintering bacteria. Carefully clean the orchard, cut off the diseased branches in time, scrape the disease spots, rough old skin and other concentrated out of the park to destroy. It is necessary to seriously scrape the diseased area: use a sharp knife to scrape the discolored tissue of the diseased part and the connected skin of about 5 mm. It should be deep into the xylem, and the edges are neat and smooth without hair mites, which is conducive to healing of the lesions and application after scraping. Protect the wound properly. Before entering the winter, you can use quicklime, 20 wave of sulphur sulphur mixture, salt and water to mix according to the ratio of 6:1:1:18. You can also add a small amount of animal oil to make white husks from the whitening agent to prevent freezing damage. It is a daily burn and has the effect of killing insects and preventing diseases. It can also be trimmed with winter and spring, and can be dried 2-3 times with a pleasant solution of chlorfenapyr (spray spray type) 10 times, or 800-1000 times +40% with 1000-1200 times spray. A large number of latent pathogens are killed, effectively preventing the infection of rot pathogens.
The drugs for preventing and treating rot disease are: 3% imazoxyzole ointment, 1.8% siminamine acetate saline, 3% methylthioglycol paste, 1.2% imazaurin water, 20% syringic acid suspension, 4.5 % humic acid, copper sulphate, etc., may optionally be applied to the scraped portion.
The fourth is fertilization management. Apple roots have a growth peak of 2-3 times during the growth period of one year, and the peak of growth is also the peak period of fertilizer absorption, which can exert the maximum utilization rate of fertilizer.
The first time in the early spring from late February to early April, the soil was thawed. At this time, 50% of the total available nitrogen fertilizer and 60% of the total quick-acting phosphate fertilizer should be applied. It can also be applied to biological bacterial fertilizer to promote germination, branching, leaf spreading, flowering and fruit setting. The actual amount of application of 16-8-16 compound fertilizer 150 kg or so, if the branch is not prosperous plus 20-30 kg of urea, at the same time can also apply bio-organic fertilizer about 200 kg.
The second time before and after the wheat harvest in May-June. At this time, 50% of the total available nitrogen fertilizer for the whole year and 40% of the total quick-acting phosphate fertilizer should be applied. The quick-acting potassium fertilizer can be applied at once, and the biological fertilizer can also be applied. The effect of fertilization is to promote the development of the embryo, flower bud differentiation and fruit. Inflated and so on. The actual dosage is about 150 kg of compound fertilizer of 16-8-16. If the fruit is not good, add 50-80 kg of potassium sulfate.
The third time before and after the fall of September-October. At this time, all organic fertilizers, various medium and trace elements, and late-acting fertilizers should be applied, and biological fertilizers can be applied. It is best to apply commercial organic fertilizer. If farmyard manure is applied, it must be fully decomposed in advance. In addition to organic fertilizer, it is the NPK compound fertilizer and the medium and trace element fertilizer, which is applied deep into the ditch and applied to the soil where the capillary roots are concentrated.
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(Source: Good Agricultural Resources Network)
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