Extravagant "Long Things"

Extravagant "Long Things"

For example, Zhou Zuoren ’s wine and snacks are not just for thirst and fullness, but simply for the enjoyment of life, which is a kind of "excess"; for example, planting pots on the balcony of the home, hanging some paintings and calligraphy in the study, not a necessary daily necessity A kind of "superfluous"; even the same is furniture, tables, chairs, beds are daily necessities, and optional furniture such as racks, cabinets, cupboards or the like is a kind of "superfluous" ...
Wen Zhenheng, a university questioner during the Wanli period in the Ming Dynasty, wrote a book called "The Long Story". We can know from the title of the book alone that what is written in the book is "excessive" literati leisure interest: the elegance and aesthetics of a piece of furniture, the aesthetic standards, and the uses other than those of ordinary people. These "little things" are here. This book has become a deep research.

奢朴
Elegant and vulgar furniture
Wen Zhenheng puts forward the use of several couches in the opening chapter of "Long Wu Zhi · Juan Liu · Several Couches": "The ancients made several couches, although the length is wide and narrow. It ’s easy to sit and lie down. It ’s not inconvenient. Yan Yan ’s leisure is used to show the history, reading and painting, Chen Dingyi, Luo Xihe, Shi Zhenmo, and He Shibu. It is made by today's people, who take carvings and paintings and decorate them with pleasing eyes. , And the ancient system is tumultuous, which is impressive. "
What is the difference between Changwu furniture and ordinary home?
Wen Zhenheng made it clear when talking about the functions of the square table and the Eight Immortals table: "The old lacquered square table is the best, it must be extremely simple and simple, and the number of people can sit for ten people, for the exhibition of painting and calligraphy. The Eight Immortals equation is only available for feasts, and non-elegance. "
The satisfaction of Changwu furniture is largely based on spiritual pleasure, while the common people mainly satisfy the desire of survival or sub-level, so the function of their furniture or utensils is consistent with their desires.
Many people now spend tens of millions of yuan to purchase furniture, but still can not meet the standards of literati and literati. They use furniture as an appreciation tool and a symbol of their identity. In fact, a lot of things cannot be said to be worthless, but there is little appreciation value, nothing more than daily necessities.
The aesthetic of the furniture is applicable and applicable, and is the most important quality of Ming-style furniture. The basic shape of Ming-style furniture is determined by its function. For example, a lamp hanging chair, the curvature of its back plate matches the curve of the human spine, resulting in a beautiful shape. The chair "should be short but not tall, wide and narrow", "the footsteps must be inlaid with bamboo, and it will not be bad for a long time".
"Long Wu Zhi" mentions a meta-system couch, which is one foot and five feet long, because lying at night was "to meet with the foot", which is different from today's living habits, so the author commented that "the system is ancient, but today it is Not applicable. "Another example: the scale of the bookcase should be" only one foot deep "and" only ten books per compartment ", so" for retrieval ".

奢朴
Second, the simple Wen's especially hate excessive carvings: if the case is to be carved, then "slightly sculpt the cloud head, Ruyi, etc .; you can't sculpt the dragon, phoenix, flowers and other common styles." The style furniture is characterized by simplicity. The overall shape is basically made up of a clear combination of functional components, and there are few components that are purely decorative. The general comment is that the artistic value of the Qing style is far less than that of the Ming style. One of the reasons is that the Ming Dynasty furniture craftsmen came from literati like Wen Zhenheng, while the Qing Dynasty came from the royal and official residences. Its simplicity, simplicity, and vulgarity are naturally judged like clouds and mud.
The original preface summed up the spirit of "Long Wu Zhi" in one sentence: "It is enough to delete the extravagance and remove the extravagance, and the preface is enough to compile." the rules. For example, the residence of Ni Yunlin he admired, "There are only a few beds in the ancient Gaowu stone, which makes people meet each other, and it really makes the bones cool ... there is a taste of elegance and vulgarity." The same is true of furniture design.
Sanyue is a concentrated expression of the aesthetic taste of literati doctors, and is also a quality admired by traditional Chinese literati. Ming-style furniture is the most typical example of such craftsmanship. The furniture is made of hard texture, elegant color and gorgeous patterns of wood such as Huanghuali, red sandalwood, Qizi wood, gall wood, etc. In terms of structure, most of the nodes are cleverly jointed with tenon and mortise, which is not only firm and reliable, but also can be artificially chiseled The traces of the are hidden, exposing the beautiful cross-section of the material, and the entire furniture is naturally formed without fire.
The furniture should show the natural appearance of the material as much as possible, and remove all artificial energy. The Wen's commentary chair requires that "slippery as jade, better to show off" is best. If the chair is set with "five-color ganoderma" or colorful ganoderma lucidum, then it is "quite a snake's foot"; It ’s too sharp, flat and round, it ’s an ancient style. ”The desk should show the true color of the wood, and do n’t be painted.
The use of furniture is the use of furniture, the second is reward.
"Volume Ten Location" in "Long Wu Zhi" said: "The method of location is different from simple to complex, different from cold and hot, high hall and wide pavilion, and Qufang Olympic room, each has its own merits. Set up a place, as shown in the picture. Yunlin is clear and secret, and there are only a few beds in the ancient Gaowu stone, which makes people want to see its style, it really makes the bones of the gods cold. Therefore, there is a kind of elegance in the entry of the rhyme. Popular interest. "
Wen Zhenheng's theory and practical experience in gardening are very deep and rich. The main characteristics of the requirements for literati indoor furnishings are: openness, order, orientation, and simplicity.
In the "Long Wu Zhi", the display and location of the sitting table, the specific name and number of the objects on the table, and the orientation are listed one by one: "Natural Alley, located in the room to the left and east, can not approach the window threshold , In order to force the wind. Several old houses, a pen holder, a pen head, a water one, and a mountain one. The ancients placed a research, all on the left, with ink not dazzling, and more suitable under the lamp, book Ruler paperweights are one for each, and brushed from time to time to make their light visible, it is good. "
The furnishings are elegant and elegant, and the history of the pictures on the bookshelves or bookcases cannot be all-encompassing. After all, one's time is short and the energy is limited. It is impossible to get involved in all things. Therefore, Wenshi emphasized: "Only four chairs and one couch can be placed in Zhaizhong. He may wish to set up more such as ancient Xumi seats, short couches, short tables, and wall tables. It is forbidden to set up several chairs against the wall. The screen can only be placed on one side. Bookshelves and cupboards are all listed in the history of drawing, but it should not be too complicated, such as in a bookstore. "
"It is not advisable to place several couches in the small room, but take the ancient narrow-edged books and place them in the middle. The pens, incense sticks and incense burners are on the middle. They are small and elegant. Ming'ou tea set; a small couch for sitting down, without having to hang paintings; or placing an ancient stone, or a small Buddha cabinet for the gilt golden Buddha on it. "
Indoor furnishings are also very particular about its practicality and comfort or human care. Wen Shi believes that "Xiang bamboo couch and meditation chair can be seated, and the winter moon is made of ancient brocade mattresses, or it can be set up." A person stays in the bedroom for a long time, and the bedroom furnishings can pull and soothe people's emotions, so the bedroom furnishings or layout is crucial for literati.
"Longwuzhi" said: "Facing a couch on the south side, don't leave a half room behind the couch, people can't reach it, so it is a genus of a scented cage, hanger, toilet, toilet, and book lamp. Only a small one is placed in front of the couch A few, there is no one thing, two small squares, two small cabinets, to set incense and play equipment. The room is clean and elegant, and it is as beautiful as a boudoir, and it is suitable for non-sedents to sleep in the cloud and dream of the moon. . The wall of the cave must be attached as a wall bed for the night of the bed, and it can be replaced with a sock. There is no need to plant more flowers and plants in the court. , More accompanied by Lingbi and Yingshi. "
The furnishings of the long furniture must be well-organized and not too dense; in terms of color, it is impossible to put one color of furniture at home, nor can it be more than one color, and at most two or three colors are better. For example, study room, study room is the gathering place of long things furniture. The long things house in the study room has book case, chair, bookshelf, single bed, these are basically enough.

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