Bracken is a perennial plant of the family Fern. It can be fried, dipped in sauce, mixed with cold dishes, pickled with pickles, and preserved, dried and pickled all year round. The bracken is crispy and sweet, with a rich fragrance, unique flavor and rich nutrition. According to the measurement, bracken is rich in protein, fat, carbohydrate and trace elements, and also contains amino acids, alkaloids and other substances. It is a nutritious health food. It is often eaten with sedative, antihypertensive, diuretic, antipyretic and deworming. And other effects. With the increase in demand in domestic and foreign markets, artificial resources alone are no longer sufficient to meet the needs of the market. Artificial cultivation is imperative.
First, the growth habit
Wild mountain secondary forests and abandoned land at an altitude of 250-1000 m, moist soil, thick humus layer, slightly acidic soil. Hi-light, hi-wet, hi-cooling environmental conditions, cold tolerance, normal wintering at -33 ° C low temperature conditions, unearthed in Jilin in early May, growing fast after unearthing, can grow to more than 30 cm in 5 days, 8 ～10 days to spread the leaves, the petiole aging after the leaf is not edible. Spores mature from early August to early September, and mature spores spread with the wind, creating new individuals. Artificial cultivation is easy, soil and environmental conditions are not strict, pests and diseases occur less, do not need too much management, growth is stronger than wild, and the yield is higher than wild.
Second, cultivation technology
1. Selected Land
Choose mountains with a slope below 25 degrees, wasteland, mountain foot, and flat land. The soil is fertile, the soil is loose, the soil layer is deep, the humus is thick, the organic matter content is high, and the moisture content is sufficient. The pH value is 5.5-6.5, the drainage is convenient, and the air humidity is large.
2. Site preparation for bed
Remove the weed roots, pick up the stones, apply 4,000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure per acre, and turn 30 cm deep. Combine the deep manure with fertilizer to mix it with the soil. After turning over, the bed is fine and flat. The bed is 1.5 cm wide and 20 cm high. The bed spacing is 40 cm. The bed length depends on the terrain. The slopes should be made along the slope to avoid water accumulation or damage to the bed. After making the bed, flatten the bed surface to be planted.
3. Reproduction method
1 stem propagation. After the fall of the fern on the ground part of the fern in the autumn or before the bud of the fern in the spring, the fern roots were harvested. The rhizome is distributed in the 8 to 25 cm soil layer. The rhizome is slender, with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.8 cm and an internode length of 8 to 20 cm. Avoid root damage and shoot when mining. After excavation, use soil to avoid losing water, in order to survive. After the excavation, select the thick, disease-free, wound-free roots, and cut each section into a section, each section is 8 to 10 cm long, and can be planted after cutting. In the bed, the groove is 20 cm apart, and the ditch is 10 cm deep. The cut root section is planted in the ditch one by one, covering 6-8 cm, and then covering the leaves or straw, so as not to expose the soil, heat preservation and moisturizing. Each 667 square meters requires about 110 kilograms of rhizome. After 20 days of spring planting, it can be emerged. This method is widely used in production, and the technology is simple and easy to grasp and operate.
2 spores are propagated. After the spores mature, the spores are collected, and newspapers or plastic sheets are placed under the plants, and the leaves are beaten by hand to cause the spores to fall on the newspaper to obtain spores. The obtained spores were placed on the paper and evenly blown on the prepared bed surface with the mouth. Slightly suppress, cover the leaves or straw to keep warm and moisturize. This method is technically difficult, time is difficult to master, operation must be fine, and it is not easy to succeed.
4. Field Management:
1 Remove the ground objects. Every spring, all the stems and leaves of the above-ground shoots are burned off before the fern sprouts, which can promote early fast growth and increase yield. Or dry the stems and leaves of the ground part with a sickle and move it to the ground to ensure the ground is clean and easy to emerge and manage.
2 fertilization. After removing the ground objects, it is necessary to fertilize in time, and apply the decomposed organic fertilizer on the bed surface to a thickness of 2 to 3 cm. It should not be too thick, so as not to affect the emergence of the seedlings.
3 irrigation drainage. When it is dry, it should be watered in time to keep the soil moist and meet the humid environmental conditions required for the growth of bracken. In the rainy season, attention should not be made to accumulate water. It is necessary to drain and prevent flooding in time to avoid rotten roots.
4 weeding. After the seedlings are unearthed, weeding and weeding should be carried out in time to reduce nutrient consumption, promote seedling growth, and increase the number of harvests and yield.
Third, the collection of
The first year of fern cultivation is generally not harvested, so that the roots can be rooted and cultivated, and the planting can be harvested for about 10 years. Every spring in mid-May, when the seedling height is 25-40 cm, the petioles are young and the leaves are not yet unfolded. After harvesting for the second time around 12 days after harvest, it can be harvested continuously for 4 to 5 times. After 3 years, the harvest can produce 2000 kg of fresh bracken.
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