Fertilization dosage
The demand for potassium in tobacco is large, nitrogen and phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of tobacco. Tobacco application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in an appropriate excess, the impact on quality is not obvious, the most difficult to grasp is the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Insufficient nitrogen in early tobacco is not conducive to rapid premature birth of tobacco; excessive nitrogen uptake during maturity, rough and thick leaves, and high nicotine content. Therefore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer should be determined based on the amount of nitrogen used. The experimental data show that the proportion of tobacco nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is suitable. In the northern region, N:P2O5:K2O is 1:1:1, and in the south, it is 1:0.75:1.5. If the per mu yield of dry tobacco is 15. kg, and the general livestock is nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6-9 kg, the average fertilization amount of N-P2O5-K2O in the northern region is 7-7-7 (kg); in the south, it is 8-6- 12 (kg). The amount of nitrogen fertilizer: the north generally has stronger fertilization capacity than the southern soil, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is also slightly higher, which can be lower than the lower limit; the variety needs more nitrogen and less farmyard fertilizer, and the upper limit.
Fertilization technology
Base fertilizer: Generally, all farmyard manure, phosphorus and potassium fees and about 60% of nitrogen fertilizer are applied at once.
Top dressing: About 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used for topdressing, and topdressing can be carried out twice. For flue-cured tobacco, sun-cured tobacco and white smoke, it should not be later than 30 days after planting; and the topdressing of sun-cured tobacco and cigar can only be topped late. Tobacco fertilization is commonly used in caves, ditching and applying water. Whether it is dispersed or concentrated application, the depth of fertilization should be within 5-20 cm soil layer. Too deep and too shallow is not conducive to the root absorption of tobacco plants.
Simultaneous application of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in tobacco is effective: nitrogen deficiency is not easy in the early stage, and nitrogen is excessive in the later stage. It is in line with the fertilizer requirement law of “small and rich, old and poorâ€, which is conducive to the normal yellowing of tobacco, easy to bake, and good flammability. Tobacco is very sensitive to nitrogen. When the leaves contain more than 1% nitrogen, the leaves will burn poorly, and in severe cases, the flame will be extinguished. Therefore, it is necessary to use less fertilizer with more nitrogen and compound fertilizer using it as raw material. The calcium absorbed by tobacco is second only to potassium. It is also prone to the phenomenon of insufficient zinc nutrition, and it is necessary to timely supplement the deficiency of calcium and zinc in the soil.
The demand for potassium in tobacco is large, nitrogen and phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer can significantly improve the quality of tobacco. Tobacco application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in an appropriate excess, the impact on quality is not obvious, the most difficult to grasp is the application of nitrogen fertilizer. Insufficient nitrogen in early tobacco is not conducive to rapid premature birth of tobacco; excessive nitrogen uptake during maturity, rough and thick leaves, and high nicotine content. Therefore, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer should be determined based on the amount of nitrogen used. The experimental data show that the proportion of tobacco nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is suitable. In the northern region, N:P2O5:K2O is 1:1:1, and in the south, it is 1:0.75:1.5. If the per mu yield of dry tobacco is 15. kg, and the general livestock is nitrogen fertilizer (N) 6-9 kg, the average fertilization amount of N-P2O5-K2O in the northern region is 7-7-7 (kg); in the south, it is 8-6- 12 (kg). The amount of nitrogen fertilizer: the north generally has stronger fertilization capacity than the southern soil, and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is also slightly higher, which can be lower than the lower limit; the variety needs more nitrogen and less farmyard fertilizer, and the upper limit.
Fertilization technology
Base fertilizer: Generally, all farmyard manure, phosphorus and potassium fees and about 60% of nitrogen fertilizer are applied at once.
Top dressing: About 40% of the nitrogen fertilizer is used for topdressing, and topdressing can be carried out twice. For flue-cured tobacco, sun-cured tobacco and white smoke, it should not be later than 30 days after planting; and the topdressing of sun-cured tobacco and cigar can only be topped late. Tobacco fertilization is commonly used in caves, ditching and applying water. Whether it is dispersed or concentrated application, the depth of fertilization should be within 5-20 cm soil layer. Too deep and too shallow is not conducive to the root absorption of tobacco plants.
Simultaneous application of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in tobacco is effective: nitrogen deficiency is not easy in the early stage, and nitrogen is excessive in the later stage. It is in line with the fertilizer requirement law of “small and rich, old and poorâ€, which is conducive to the normal yellowing of tobacco, easy to bake, and good flammability. Tobacco is very sensitive to nitrogen. When the leaves contain more than 1% nitrogen, the leaves will burn poorly, and in severe cases, the flame will be extinguished. Therefore, it is necessary to use less fertilizer with more nitrogen and compound fertilizer using it as raw material. The calcium absorbed by tobacco is second only to potassium. It is also prone to the phenomenon of insufficient zinc nutrition, and it is necessary to timely supplement the deficiency of calcium and zinc in the soil.
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