ã€Abstract】 Personal protective equipment for firefighters is a special equipment for firefighters to wear, wear and use during firefighting and rescue operations. It is an indispensable part of the fighting force of firefighting teams. This article analyzes the basic conditions of the production, technology, and market of firefighters' personal protective equipment in China. It also conducts the development trend of domestic and foreign firefighters' personal protective equipment technologies, as well as the requirements of our country's firefighters' personal equipment under the new situation and new tasks. The analysis put forward the requirements and future development directions for the technical innovation of firefighters' personal protective equipment in China.
ã€Keywords】 firefighters; personal protection; protective equipment; personal protective equipment;
1 Basic information on the production and technology of personal protective equipment for firefighters in China
Personal protective equipment for firefighters is protective equipment or special equipment that must be worn, worn, and used by firefighters during operations such as fire extinguishing and rescue operations. It is an indispensable and important part of the fire brigade equipment.
At present, China's firefighters equipped with personal protective equipment for fire fighters has formed two series of basic protective equipment and special protective equipment , more than 40 kinds of products. These equipments are equipped with firefighting troops according to the principles of priority configuration, safety, reliability, system support, and practicality and effectiveness. In order to effectively resist various disasters or accidents, there are disaster materials and external forces to the firefighters. Protect the personal safety of firefighters. Enhance the combat effectiveness of firefighters. Give full play to the various functions of fire-fighting technology and equipment. Dispose of various disaster accidents in a timely and effective manner. Played an extremely important role.
1 . 1 Basic pattern of China's firefighters' personal protective equipment industry
In recent years. Large multinational companies use their own technology, capital and market advantages. Actively enter the firefighters' personal protective equipment market in China. The internationally renowned companies currently investing and producing in China include: Messin ( China ) Security Equipment Co., Ltd., Germany Degege Company, Shanghai Yige Safety Equipment Co., Ltd. and other multinational companies. Fireman personal equipment produced by these companies. Regardless of material, or process and design level. At present, they are generally better than those produced by domestic companies.
China's first firefighters personal protective equipment was born in the 1950s. Our native company. After years of development. Existing 27 firefighters personal protective equipment manufacturing enterprises. The formation of several large enterprises as a leader. Several small and medium-sized enterprises coexist in the production pattern. There are roughly three types of firefighters' personal protective equipment manufacturers: First, large-scale military enterprises with relatively strong technical strength. For example: Jiangxi Changjiang Chemical Co., Ltd., Guilin Rubber Products Factory, etc.; second, joint-stock companies that were formerly state-owned enterprises restructuring or joint ventures, such as: Beijing Interline Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao Xinglun Industry Co., Ltd., Shanghai Garment Group Co., Ltd., etc. Third, private enterprises. Late establishment of such enterprises. The scale is generally not large. For example: Qingdao Meikang Special Protective Products Co., Ltd., Taizhou Huatong Fire Equipment Factory, Jiujiang Fire Equipment Co., Ltd., Shanghai Zanrui Industrial Co., Ltd., Shanghai Baoya Safety Equipment Co., Ltd., etc. Around these equipment manufacturers. There are also some companies that focus on supplying firefighters with personal protective equipment. For example: Yantai Taihe New Material Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Hengrui Non-woven Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai Yibina Textile Material Co., Ltd., etc. In the firefighters' personal protective equipment manufacturing enterprises. Some large companies have strong technical strength. Some enterprise technical strength has reached the international advanced level. Products are exported in bulk. But there are also many smaller companies. Using small batch production methods. Although the variety of products sold is more. But the lack of the company's own core technology. Product replacement is slow. Even some companies only care about immediate interests. Imitation of other company's products or production of inferior products. For the company's own development and market order has brought adverse effects.
1 . 2 Scale of China's Firefighters' Personal Protective Equipment Industry
The scale of the firefighters' personal protective equipment industry has increased with the public security firefighting teams undertaking task types and tasks, and the level of equipment technology has increased. It is also expanding. The funds allocated by the government at all levels to the public security fire brigade increase year by year. The public security fire-fighting equipment, especially firefighters' personal protection equipment, has been greatly improved. According to the statistical results of the fire protection personnel's personal protective equipment investment from 2006 to 2010 in each region . For five years. National firefighters’ personal protective equipment purchases have accumulated more than 3.5 billion yuan. The average annual rate is 15 %. 20 % increase in speed. In 2010 , China’s firefighters’ personal protective equipment procurement funds amounted to nearly 900 million yuan.
The increase in product demand and technological level has promoted the development of firefighters' personal protective equipment industry. At present, China's fire-fighting forces equipped with fire-fighting equipment for personal protection equipment in China account for a large proportion. To meet the needs of handling complex tasks. There are also a small number of areas equipped with imported equipment for the fire-fighting forces, mainly the Secret Service fire brigade. Firefighters wear out personal protective equipment because of firefighters performing fire extinguishing and emergency rescue tasks. In addition to 1l basic protective equipment. Some special protective equipment such as: high temperature gloves, chemical protective gloves, firefighters thermal protective clothing, etc. are frequently used. Therefore, about 70 % of the total investment is spent each year to cover the consumption of protective equipment . The rest is used to add firefighters' personal protective equipment in fire stations. In addition. With the development of fire science research, the emergence of new equipment. Every year, our country's public security fire brigade will add a considerable amount of new equipment. For example: firefighters call for help after the receiver device, firefighters cooling vests and so on.
Thermal protective clothing
2 Firefighters' Personal Protective Equipment Market Analysis
2 . 1 Industry dynamics of firefighters' personal protective equipment
3. The fire protection personnel of China's personal protective equipment industry has emerged a good development trend. Reflected in the following three aspects:
(1) The product technical standards and equipment standards for more than 10 firefighters' personal protective equipment that have been included in the fire protection standards system have been completed. GA 621 - 2013 Standard for Equipping Firefighters' Personal Protective Equipment ( instead of GA 621 - 2006) , GA / T620 - 2006 Occupational Safety and Health in Fire Service , and GA 622 - 2013 Standard for Equipping Fire Service Special Equipment ( Station ) Equipment (instead of GA622 - 2006), GA / T 623 - 2006 " fire training base training facility construction standards", GA 10 - 2002 "firefighters fire protective clothing", GA 44 - 2004 "fire helmet", GA 7-2004 "fire gloves ", GA 6 - 2004" firefighters fire protective boots ", GA494 - 2004" fire with fall protection equipment ", GA 401 - 2002" fireman HuJiuQi ", GA 124 - 2004" positive pressure firefighting air respirator. " , GA 630 - 2006 "Fire Waist Axe ", GA 634 - 2006 "Fire Fighter Insulated Protective Clothing", GA 770 - 2008 "Fire Fighter Chemical Protective Clothing ", GA 633 - 2006 "Fire Fighter Rescue Protective Clothing", GA632 — 2006 "Positive pressure fire oxygen breathing apparatus " and other standards have been promulgated and implemented. Dozens of performance testing equipments are gradually perfecting. Firefighters' personal protection equipment has been standardized and standardized.
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Positive pressure air respirator
(2) Adoption of new materials, new technologies, and new processes. The technical performance of our country's firefighters' personal protective equipment has become more superior. The protection function is more perfect. Fireman fire protective clothing produced using aramid fiber and PTFE waterproof breathable functional film. Has a good flame-retardant insulation and waterproof breathable properties: the use of non-toxic flame retardant surface treatment agent treatment of high-silica fiberglass cloth and other multi-layered materials firefighters fire protection clothing . Has excellent flame resistance: flame retardant chemical layer composite fabric. Anti-chemical gloves, fire-retardant, chemical-resistant, puncture-resistant electrically insulated rubber boots, and large window masks are all chemical protective clothing for firefighters. They can be used in fire-fighting operations where there are no oxygen, toxic, and corrosive chemicals. Provide effective protection for firefighters: firefighters fire-protective rubber boots with flame-retardant, acid-resistant rubber and thermal insulation. Anti-mite, cut-proof, puncture-proof, flame-retardant, anti-slip, acid and alkali and other functions; nylon belt with steel parts and special sewing processing technology of fire safety belt. Not only improve the static load performance and impact resistance. And it enhances reliability.
DuPont fire escape protective clothing
(3) The basic research work of the fire research institutes in the field of firefighters protection technology has started. To provide technical and theoretical basis for the development of firefighters' personal protective equipment new products and the provision of protective equipment. Through the fire field and complex emergency rescue scene for firefighters personal danger and firefighters physical and physiological characteristics of research and analysis. Use the basic principles of ergonomics. The basic technical parameters of fire protection for firemen in terms of thermal protection, respiratory protection, mechanical external protection, and equipment weight are systematically proposed. Detailed planning of the scientific research content, test equipment and test methods for firefighters' human sports science and psychology research. It laid a technical foundation for the innovation of our country's firefighters' personal protective equipment.
2 . 2 Firefighters' personal protective equipment market environment analysis
Since 2000 . The Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security vigorously carries out special construction of personal protective equipment throughout the country. 2006 promulgation of the GA 621 - 2006 "is equipped firefighters personal protective equipment standards" (the current standard for the new GA 621 - 2013). The types, quantity, and number of backups for 11 types of personal protective equipment and 32 types of special protective equipment for firefighters are clearly defined . Firefighters personal protective equipment types from simple fire protection. Developed to adapt to different disasters such as fire fighting and emergency rescue. Applicable to fire protection, water, toxic, corrosion and other protection requirements under different environments. For the protective equipment specified in GA 621 - 2006 Standard for Personal Protective Equipment for Fire Fighters, national and regional governments have invested heavily. Firefighters are equipped with personal protective equipment for frontline firefighters. Ensure that the basic protective equipment reaches a per capita. Appropriate backup. Special protective equipment meets the requirements of GA 621 - 2006 Firefighters' Personal Protective Equipment Standards.
1, granted in May 2009 implementation of the "People's Republic of China Fire Law" Article 37 stipulates: "The public security fire brigade, professional fire brigade undertake major disasters and other rescue personnel to the life of the main emergency rescue work in accordance with the provisions of the State ". In 2009 the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Improving the basic level of emergency" (SCS "2009] No. 59) clarified the status of the fire brigade as the main emergency rescue. The statutory functions of the fire brigade have been further expanded to include “taking in addition to the firefighting work. At the same time undertaking a comprehensive emergency rescue mission. Including earthquakes and other natural disasters. Construction accidents, road traffic accidents, air crashes and other production safety accidents. Terrorist attacks, people in distress, etc. Rescue and rescue tasks for social security incidents. At the same time, assist relevant professional teams in flood and drought disasters, meteorological disasters, geological disasters, forest and grassland fires, biological disasters, mine accidents, dangerous chemical accidents, water accidents, environmental pollution, and nuclear and radiation accidents. And rescue emergencies such as public health emergencies."
After the new "Fire Protection Law" and the State Council Document No. 59 were promulgated. Especially in 2010 . The national public security firefighting force earnestly implemented the spirit of the "National Firefighting Team." Efforts to build fire iron army. With "protection priority" as the concept. Further strengthen the protective equipment of the public security fire-fighting force. The market for firefighters' personal protective equipment will be further expanded. Personal protective equipment used in various emergency rescue missions of the fire brigade will have a large number of new demands. There is a large market demand.
2 . 3 Analysis of Equipment Requirements under New Situation and New Tasks
At present, the fire-fighting and emergency rescue tasks undertaken by the public security fire-fighting troops in our country are becoming more and more arduous. The development of personal protective equipment for firefighters will follow. There is a significant increase in both quantity and technical content. Reflected in three aspects:
(1) The quantity of personal protective equipment provided by certain firefighters cannot meet the needs of the troops. Firefighters' personal protective equipment is in addition to a fixed amount of equipment. Most equipment also needs some backup requirements. According to the current number of personnel and establishment scale of our country's firefighting force. Some firefighters' personal protective equipment such as fire protective clothing, fire gloves, fire extinguishing boots , and positive pressure fire air breathing apparatus have a large number of backup requirements.
Fire protection boots
(2) The functions of some key technologies and equipment in firefighting and rescue cannot fully meet actual needs. Firefighters' personal protective equipment used for firefighting and rescue does not yet have the integrated functions of high efficiency, intelligence, and multi-function integration. For example: the lack of fire helmets integrated with infrared imaging and communication equipment: lack of firefighters with rear-field alarm and positioning function: a lack of anti-bacterial, deodorant, fire-fighting firefighters and other protective clothing.
(3) The lack of protective equipment suitable for emergency rescue missions. The proportion of protective equipment that is suitable for emergency rescue missions is low. The characteristics of more and more emergency rescue missions. China's public security firefighting forces in particular need some personal protective equipment for the disposal of major and severe disasters. For example: In earthquake rescue equipment. The current weak link is inadequate equipment and equipment. Lack of multi-purpose sleeping bags, multi-purpose vests and other equipment for personal logistical support . Lack of firefighters' physical fitness to quickly replenish and cool down equipment. Especially in the hot summer or when fighting a major fire. Firemen are fighting continuously for a long time. High labor intensity. Firefighters' physical fitness cannot be supplemented and restored in time. The sultry, exhausted and impetuous emotions in the work process all affect the exertion of combat effectiveness. Can easily cause firefighters to suffer heat stroke or injury. In water rescue equipment. Research on the personal protective equipment for water rescue firefighters is still in its infancy. Firemen usually wear boat life jackets to participate in water rescue. This life jacket is buoyant and not safe enough. Use ordinary fire safety ropes for rescue . Easy to absorb water. It will cause the safety rope to sink.
New type of marine life jacket
3 Firefighters' Personal Protective Equipment Technology Development Trends
3 . 1 The basic situation and trends of foreign firefighters' personal protective equipment technology
Foreign developed countries and regions such as the United States, the European Union, Japan, etc. attach great importance to the research of firefighters' personal protective equipment. Not only adopt new materials and new processes for the development of new, high-performance protective equipment, but also continuously optimize the design and performance of protective equipment. And established a system of firefighters personal protective equipment overall performance testing methods. Use modern advanced concepts such as ergonomics and ergonomics. Test and evaluate protective equipment. Achieve the basic development trend of technology-driven equipment development. Mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) In the aspect of firefighters' protective clothing for fire fighting . Developed countries through blending technology. Development of new fiber materials for firefighters protective clothing. To improve the overall performance of protective clothing. The United States has focused on developing aramid 1313 , aramid 1414 and antistatic filament blended fiber materials. Japan focuses on the development of new materials blended with flame-retardant wool and aramid 1313 and aramid 1414 fibers. France mainly studies polypropylene blended fabrics and PBI fibers.
(2) Firefighters avoid fire and heat insulation
Protective clothing . Firefighters' protective clothing for fire-fighting and thermal protective clothing for firefighters in developed countries have developed into a series of products. For example: American firefighter protective clothing to avoid the fire contains 1000 series, 900 series and 800 series 3 series. The three series are eight, seven, and five layers. Different protection performance. Protective clothing with insulation 300 series, 400 series, 500 series, 600 series, 700 series 5 series. Japan's fire protection suits and thermal protective clothing are divided into super heat-resistant protective clothing. Fire protection and other protective clothing. Germany's fire protection suits and thermal protective clothing have more than 10 species. Which applies to oil depot fire, B3 aircraft fire of a thicker type S-type protective clothing to avoid the fire. There are B4 medium fire protection suits and B14 light fire protection suits suitable for general fires . There are B10 type, B1l type and other portable thermal protective clothing.(3) From the firefighters' body cooling equipment . Developed countries have developed special protective clothing with a cooling system. Example: Special protective clothing developed by the United States consists of a flame-retardant jacket and a cooling system. The cooling system 25 can provide a power of 250W. 35min of body cooling. Japan developed a polymer gel coolant for firefighters protective clothing. Place the cooling bag containing the coolant inside the protective clothing to cool down.
(4) From the aspect of air respirators , Germany has newly designed and developed the world's first air respirators for spherical gas cylinders. Use multiple ball bottles. The air supply is 50 % higher than cylindrical bottles . This extends the respiratory protection time for firefighters working on the fire. In addition. In the air respirator alarm device. Using explosion-proof electronic data processing alarm. Respirator alarm information ( including remaining air volume, remaining usage time information, information on severe overpressure in the mask, and equipment self-test information ) , wearer emergency alarm information ( including respirator wearer's blood pressure, pulse, and other data information ) and Environmental condition alarm information ( including ambient temperature, hazardous gas information, etc. ) is transmitted to the data display in the full enclosure. The air breathing apparatus integrates wireless electronic equipment and advanced gas storage equipment. Respiratory protection technology into a new era of development.
(5) Countries around the world, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Japan, have all developed "fire dummy" test systems. Used to evaluate the overall thermal protection of various firefighters protective clothing. The first "Fire Fighter" test system developed was the Thermo - Man system in the United States . A total of 120 heat flux sensors are installed on various parts of the dummy body . During the test, the Thermo - Man was exposed to the flame wearing protective clothing. Use propane fuel. Fire site load and combustion time controllable. The sensor continuously collects heat flux data and transmits it to the computer. The RALPH system is a British "Fire Fighter" test system. Its design function and test method are basically the same as Thermo - Man . The HENRY system is a "firefighter dummy" test system developed by Switzerland. Different from Thermo - Man , RALPH and SOPHIE . HENRY adds thermal protection performance tests for gloves and boots.
3 . 2 Requirements and Future Directions for Technological Innovation of Personal Protective Equipment for Firefighters in China
With the rapid development of China's economic construction. Urbanization and industrialization continue to accelerate. The fire hazard has risen dramatically. The threat of serious fires in cities has become increasingly serious. The practical application technology of a group of firefighters' personal protective equipment has lagged behind the development of equipment technology. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on new equipment. Obtained a batch o A furniture hinge for mounting a furniture door on a furniture body member includes a hinge bracket which is attached to either the door or body member and which includes a flat flange defining an elongated interior slot having spaced teeth forming a rack. Furniture Hinge,Wooden Door Hinges,Cabinet Furniture Hinges,Glass Cabinet Door Hinge ChongQing Troya Hardware Manufacture Co., Ltd , https://www.cqtroya.com